Urine Culture and Urinalysis Experiment

pee Culture and Urinalysis ExperimentAbsshareThis lab report analyses the findings of twain important try outs. These are microbiological abs brochure of water supply on CLED agar-agar main office ( body of water enculturation) and biochemical analysis of body of water (urinalysis). Urine culture establish examined water system exemplification cultivated on cystine-lactose-electrolyte deficient agar place for twain possible bacterial growth after the incubation period. Gram despotic degree or one thousand ostracize bacteria growth can be effect or not. However the forepart of 10 colonies of each in this experiment which were E. coli and S. aureus bacteria indicated either possible contamination of the piddle attempt or infection of the urinary tract by various distemper and disorders of the urinal tract.The biochemical analysis of water system was withal done where by the ideal body of water both imperative and negative authorizations were subjected to t urn ups for posture of different constituents not normally found in normal urine using test strip with absorbent pads capable of testing different constituents by rumination of color change. Presence of unexpected urine constituents indicates infection of the urinal tract and sometimes certain diseases, disorders and nutrition imbalance.IntroductionUrinalysis which is also termed as biochemical analysis of urine is a biochemical test on urine savor purposely meant to assist in diagnosis of a across-the-board range of urinary tract diseases. Examples of much(prenominal) diseases include high urinary glucose levels in people suffering from diabetes, high ketone bodies levels in urine in situations of ketunia among other urinary disorders. Urine is also subject to immunological analysis and these tests are the ones used to detect pregnancy (Carricajo, 1999).Microbiological analysis of urine also termed as urine culture is a microbial test trusty for detection of pathogenic microb es capable of causing urinal tract diseases and disorders (Martinko, 2005). The enumeration of such(prenominal) microbes for our case is by use of cysteine-lactose and electrolyte-deficient agar mostly abbreviated as CLED agar. However other types of agar media that can be used or else of CLED agar include communication channel agar and MacConkey agar. CLED agar medium is a non selective medium which is able to support growth of many pathogens found in the urinary tract and has the ability to give a cloudless differentiation of such pathogens colonies with minimum or no proteus species get around (Kee, 2001).MethodologyFor biochemical analysis of urine, both positive and negative obtain seeks of urine were conducted by strict following of the instructions by the manufacturer. A test strip detecting eight different substances was dipped into the urine sample, so the strip was taken out and the extra urine was aloof by wiping the edge of the strip to the inner side of the tube . The color of the pads on the strip was observed for any changes and the pads were read in the direction of the cursor and within the time given in the container. The reading was recorded and the test was repeated for a negative control urine sample (Clarridge, 1998).For the urine culture test, the cysteine-lactose and electrolyte-deficient agar medium was prepared according to the instructions provided on the label by the manufacturer by first weighing accurately and dissolving in appropriate amount of distilled water. Sterilization of the media was then conducted at 121 degrees Celsius for fifteen minutes in an autoclave (Nunez, 1995). The sterilized media was the poured on to several(prenominal) sterilized plate for solidification and this was done on a weak and uninventive microbiology working bench. After obtaining the urine sample for microbial analysis, the sample was mixed gently to avoid foaming and the end of a sterile 10 micro-liter calibrated loop was dipped in the ur ine sample to just below the surface and was removed vertically. Then the volume of urine within the calibrated loop was inoculated over the entire surface of CLED agar plate, which was then incubated in ambient air overnight at 37 degree Celsius (Chernecky, 2001).ResultsFor the urine culture test, this examined a urine sample cultured on cystine-lactose- electrolyte deficient agar plate for any possible bacterial growth after the incubation period of 24-48hours. Urine culture was positive with twain bacterial species growth observed according to the typical colonial morphology and colors on the CLED agar plate. A count of 10 colonies of Gram negative bacteria E.Coli were recorded on the CLED plate as well as 10 colonies of gram positive S.aureus. The number of liquidation from each bacterial species isolated on the agar plate was then multiplied by the dilution factor of 1.000.000 to obtain a density of 10.000.000 CFU/L of urine.For urinalysis, a test that enables us detect abno rmal constituents of urine such as glucose, protein, ketones bodies, blood and bile pigment, the positive control urine test results showed abnormalities in its constituents by the presence leukocytes, blood, nitrites, proteins and ketones bodies in the sample compared to the negative control urine which showed normal results in its constituents.Discussion of the resultsUrine is a by product and it is produced in the kidneys and then into the urinary bladder where it accumulates till bountiful stretching of the bladder walls is achieved which leads to its release via the urethra. Urinalysis is very important to desexualize whether the urine is normal or if it is from un rubicund case-by-case since it contains different ranges of vaunt products which should be present in normal urine and others which are not expected in normal urine thus there presence indicates certain diseases and disorders. Urinalysis gives us a clear indication of the informal biochemical processes of the pa tient under test. According to this experiment, the presence of leukocytes, blood, nitrites, proteins and ketones bodies in the positive control urine sample indicated the following. Presence of leukocytes indicates shows us that the urinary tract from which the urine was obtained was infected and this is evident due to detection of esterase enzyme which is normally scatterbrained is normal urine. This indicates that this sample of urine should be subjected to further tests like culture test, sensitivity and even microscopy (Kouri, T. (2000).Healthy individuals do not contain ketone bodies in their urine. indeed presence of ketone bodies in the urine sample tested indicates that the individual was deprived of carbohydrates since ketones and acetones are actually the byproducts of metabolism of the fat. This shows that the individuals was either suffering from diabetes mellitus or he individual was lacking carbohydrates since both of them are possible obtains of presence of ketone s and acetones in the urine. When urine is spy to have blood, it indicates a condition cognise as hematuria. Sometimes the blood may not be telescopic to our naked eyes and this is called microscopic hematuria while sometimes the blood stains are visible to our eyes and this is known as frank hematuria. many renal conditions exhibit this condition of henaturia. These include renal, urethral and ureteric calculi, acute nephritis, malignant papiloma, renal ca, and chronic kidney diseases and sometimes the administration of sulfonamides or anticoagulants may cause hematuria (Wallach, 2000, p. 26). The salt of nitrous acid is known as nitrate. So when the urine tests positive of nitrates, it indicates firmly that the urinary tract is infected and peradventure by bacteriuria which is an indication of pyelonephritis, cystitis and sometimes urethritis disorders. But sine the second sample of urine did not show any of this constituents, it indicates that the urine came from a healthy in dividuals. However other dangerous constituents that should not be found in normal urine include urobinogen, glucose, Bilirubin, urobilinogen among others (Henry, 20005).In the case of urine culture test, E. coli is a bacteria that is often found in the catgut and it is harmless unless it if finds its way to wrong venue of the body like the bladder. Therefore presence of these bacteria which is a gram positive bacterium detected by pinkish color on the plates and S. aureus which is a gram negative bacteria indicated by bluish or purple coloration on the plate indicated that the person from which the urine was obtained from might be suffering from urinal tract infections mostly the bladder infections. It might also indicate contamination of the urine sample as the results obtained suggests a probable contamination as 2 bacterial species were isolated and there was no predominance between the two of them (Aspevall, 2000).ConclusionIn conclusion, these test results were expected and s ignificant in both urine culture and urinalysis. Urine culture on CLED agar plate was very useful for the growth and enumeration of gram positive and gram negative urinary tract microorganisms while urinalysis was equally immanent for providing critical information to assist in diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of across-the-board range of diseases.