Eating Disorders Essay -- essays research papers

Eating DisordersAn consume disease is a way of using food to work out steamy problems. These illnesses develop because of emotional and/or psychological problems. Eating disorders are the way some people deal with stress. In todays society, teenagers are pressured into view that bring thin is the same thing as being happy. Chemical balances in the brain that may also result in depression, obsessive overbearing disorders, and bi-polar disorders may also cause some eating disorders. Other causes may be emotional events, illnesses, marital or family problems, manic depression, or ending a relationship. Over eight million Americans suffer from eating disorders. Over 80% of girls under age thirteen admit to dieting, one of the main factors linked to eating disorders. Although eating disorders are mainly found in middle- to upper class, highly educated, Caucasian, female adolescents, no culture or age group is immune to them (EDA HP, n.p.). The terzetto major eating disorders are an orexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and compulsive over-eating or binge-eating.The most dangerous eating disorder is anorexia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa translates to nervous loss of hunger. It is a moral illness involving the irrational fear of gaining weight. Usually, the victim is a perfectionist, although he or she may suffer from a low self-esteem. In general, a member of the resister sex triggers anorexia. The first disease resembling present-day anorexia is one called Anorexia Mirabilis, or Miraculous lack of appetite. It is described asMcCurry 2a disease of insanity, possibly handle cancer, tuberculosis, or diabetes. It was believed to arise from a diseased mental state. Sir William Gull, a physician to Englands royal family, said that these anorexics were suffering from a perversion of the go out (Silverson). In 1888, a French psychiatrist, Charles Lasegue viewed anorexia from a social standpoint. He believed it was a way of rebelling. The Children of this time were expecte d to and forced to clean their plates. They were also accustomed to well-regulated meal times. other cause of the disease in the Victorian era may have been womens expectations, such as to remain home after childhood. Their only cheat was to get married and enhance the familys social status. No emotional outbursts, such as temper tantrums were permitted. The family life was suffocating, but a y... ...t, as the disorder is often a result in lacking in coping skills. Symptoms of binge eating include eating more rapidly than usual, eating until uncomfortably full, eating larger amounts when not physically hungry, eating alone because of embarrassment of the quantities of food consumed, and not being able to purge after consuming large quantities of food (Dobie 1). Because it is not always recognized as an eating disorder, compulsive over-eating may have the most adverse effects on health. McCurry 6 Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and compulsive over-eating are extremely serious illnesses that must be recognized before they can be treated. The media is blamed for so many distorted images of the body. raft are beginning to refuse the idea, however, that thinner is better. Body shapes are known to go in and out of style. In the 1800s, plumpness was a sign of riches and class. Thinness became a sign of beauty in the 1970s with the British super-model Twiggy. There are many treatments for eating disorders today. One of the hopes of many psychologists is that humans will begin to feel happy about the way they are, even if it is a little bigger than the media portrays as ideal.

Essay --

rhythm section The HistoryDespite what many may think, percussion is well known across hundreds of nations all over the world. rhythm section has been around for centuries, and it has a very important meaning in the lives of many. It would be safe to assume that Percussion will be around for a enormous measure as well, and play an important part in the lives of many people. Most people watch over drums as a cool thing to do, others see them as a bunch of irritating noise makers but do they know the history behind them? So what is percussion? Percussion is a musical instrument played by striking with the hand, a handheld, or a pedal-operated stick or beater (Hudson). There are different groups of percussion instruments, and as time went by, they have immensely evolved from where they started (Zed). So what is percussion, where did it start, and what is it used for?How and where did percussion start? Percussion started in Asia Minor the western peninsula that now constitutes most of modern Turkey, being the introductory musical apparatus that ever came into being, existing in nearly every culture since before 6000 B.C. (Samuel & Jason). It was started by the native people hitting various items with sticks and hands. Percussion instruments were used for multiple purposes such as chanting, signaling war and communicating with other tribes (Samuel & Jason). The first percussion instruments were equivalently human hands and feet used to set or stomp a rhythm. Eventually cultures discovered that they could create louder, more varied sounds with crafted surfaces and implements. In the 18th and 19th centuries, more percussion instruments like cymbals and triangles came to being. It is impossible to dictate where the first percussion instrument was made, t... ...e history of percussion is a very fascinating field of study it is also important to those in the music industry, and for those who would like to pursue it. Percussion is also important beca use without it our music would be boring. It is also very helpful, because without it the Native Americans would not have been able to signal or transmit with each other and call for help during war and other times of need. While doing research on this subject I learned only a few things, such as the origin, what they are used for, and its important role in everything aside from marching band. The subject of percussion seems to be a ofttimes more important idea than most give credit for. The next time you see or hear about percussion, you will easily get wind any of the instruments that a band member is playing. Now, you can give credit to where credit is due and deserving.

Alcohol Essay -- essays research papers fc

1. What is insobriety? 2. How do wad buy the farm spirituous beverageics? 3. What are the make of alcoholism, on both the alcoholic and their family? 4. How do you diagnose alcoholism? 5. Is at that lead a cure for alcoholics? 6. What is the treatment? What is inebriety? Alcoholism can be defined as the dependency on alcohol addiction to alcohol. It is a chronic disease, this disease called alcoholism is progressive and potentially fatal. In 1966 the American Medical Association (AMA) declared Alcoholism a disease, but it is still judged morally by society said Father Martin. There are different types of alcoholics, the first type of alcoholic is the everyday drinker. These alcoholics drink on a daily radix with a high dependency on alcohol. A second type is the weekend alcoholics, they drink on weekends, usually to excess. Finally, the third type is the binge drinker. This is a person who drinks heavily on occasion. Probably the virtually dangerous type of alcoholism, because they are most likely to die of alcohol poisoning. How do people become alcoholics? Alcoholics dont know how they became alcoholics. Some imagine it is genetic on the seek gene, triggered by psychological or social stress. While others say it is a learned maladaptive contend behavior. Studies have shown that alcoholism may be genetic. If alcoholism is genetic it would be indirect. it would be related to the stress gene. This means that stress would set off a trigger that makes alcohol a want to the person. If alcoholism is learned behavior it means that drinking is a bad coping skill, most likely learned through an alcoholic parent. What are the effects of alcoholism, on both the alcoholic and their family? Alcohol has terrible effects on health, family and work. The effects of alcohol on the body are cirrhosis of the liver of the liver, loss of brain cells, stomach cancer, depression, tremors and blackouts. An alcoholic in the family causes many disruptions to the member s of the family. They start arguments and fights by non function or being drunk. They either do not attend family gatherings or disrupt them. Some alcoholics can be abusive to other family members. A solidifying of alcoholic families find themselves in financial trouble, caused by the alcoholic using most of the money to buy alcohol. Kids of an alcoholic suffer the most, listening to arguments and being the hip-hop of their parents drinking, making the ... ...very A.A. group ought to be self-supporting, declining outside contributions. usance Eight Alcoholics Anonymous should remain forever non-professional, but our service centers may employ special workers. tradition Nine A.A., as such, ought never be nonionic but we create service boards or committees directly responsible to those they serve. Tradition Ten Alcoholics Anonymous has no opinion on outside issues hence the A.A. take a shit ought never be drawn into public controversy. Tradition Eleven Our public relation s policy is ground on attraction rather than promotion we inquire always maintain personal anonymity at the level of press, radio, and films. Tradition Twelve Anonymity is the spectral foundation of all our traditions, ever reminding us to place principles before personalities. Bibliography Work Cited Silverstein, Herma. Alcoholism. forward-looking York Franklin Watts, 1990 Wekesser, Carol. Alcoholism. San Diego Greenhaven Press Inc., 1994 Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions. New York Alcoholics Anonymous valet de chambre Services Inc., 1995 Alcohol and Alcoholism. The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Drugs. New York Chelsea House Publishers, 1986 Word Count 1414 Alcohol Essay -- essays research papers fc 1. What is alcoholism? 2. How do people become alcoholics? 3. What are the effects of alcoholism, on both the alcoholic and their family? 4. How do you diagnose alcoholism? 5. Is there a cure for alcoholics? 6. What is the treatment? What is Alcoholism? Alcoholism can be defined as the dependency on alcohol addiction to alcohol. It is a chronic disease, this disease called alcoholism is progressive and potentially fatal. In 1966 the American Medical Association (AMA) declared Alcoholism a disease, but it is still judged morally by society said Father Martin. There are different types of alcoholics, the first type of alcoholic is the everyday drinker. These alcoholics drink on a daily basis with a high dependency on alcohol. A second type is the weekend alcoholics, they drink on weekends, usually to excess. Finally, the third type is the binge drinker. This is a person who drinks heavily on occasion. Probably the most dangerous type of alcoholism, because they are most likely to die of alcohol poisoning. How do people become alcoholics? Alcoholics dont know how they became alcoholics. Some say it is genetic on the stress gene, triggered by psychological or social stress. While others say it is a learned maladaptive coping behavior. Studies h ave shown that alcoholism may be genetic. If alcoholism is genetic it would be indirect. it would be related to the stress gene. This means that stress would set off a trigger that makes alcohol a want to the person. If alcoholism is learned behavior it means that drinking is a bad coping skill, most likely learned through an alcoholic parent. What are the effects of alcoholism, on both the alcoholic and their family? Alcohol has terrible effects on health, family and work. The effects of alcohol on the body are cirrhosis of the liver, loss of brain cells, stomach cancer, depression, tremors and blackouts. An alcoholic in the family causes many disruptions to the members of the family. They start arguments and fights by not functioning or being drunk. They either do not attend family gatherings or disrupt them. Some alcoholics can be abusive to other family members. A lot of alcoholic families find themselves in financial trouble, caused by the alcoholic using most of the money to b uy alcohol. Kids of an alcoholic suffer the most, listening to arguments and being the blame of their parents drinking, making the ... ...very A.A. group ought to be self-supporting, declining outside contributions. Tradition Eight Alcoholics Anonymous should remain forever non-professional, but our service centers may employ special workers. Tradition Nine A.A., as such, ought never be organized but we create service boards or committees directly responsible to those they serve. Tradition Ten Alcoholics Anonymous has no opinion on outside issues hence the A.A. name ought never be drawn into public controversy. Tradition Eleven Our public relations policy is based on attraction rather than promotion we need always maintain personal anonymity at the level of press, radio, and films. Tradition Twelve Anonymity is the spiritual foundation of all our traditions, ever reminding us to place principles before personalities. Bibliography Work Cited Silverstein, Herma. Alcoholism. New York Franklin Watts, 1990 Wekesser, Carol. Alcoholism. San Diego Greenhaven Press Inc., 1994 Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions. New York Alcoholics Anonymous World Services Inc., 1995 Alcohol and Alcoholism. The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Drugs. New York Chelsea House Publishers, 1986 Word Count 1414

Best Man Speech - Assassination of the Grooms Character :: Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches

Best Man Speech - Assassination of the Grooms Character Good afternoon Ladies and Gentlemen. I am going to keep this speech fairly short because of my throat the bride said that if I made fun of the groom too much she would repulse it.Firstly, on behalf of the bridesmaids, I would like to thank the groom for those kind words and gifts. As Im sure you will all agree, they all look absolutely handsome and have carried out their role spl exterminateidly, so I think a round of applause for the bridesmaids is definitely in order.Just before I appear the grooms character assassination, the bride was telling me earlier in the day that her pharmacy was broken into last week. The thief appargonntly stole ten boxes of condoms and ten boxes of viagra. The police are now looking for a hardened criminal.Next day a charr walks into the shop and asks her for some bottom deodorant, puzzled she replies, Im sorry we dont sell such a thing, I beg your pardon says the charr. I buy it from here all the time. Do you have the empty container from the last time. enquires the bride. Yes I do, says the woman and she walks out to her car, then comes back in with an empty deodorant stick. This isnt a bottom deodorant madam, its just a normal deodorant stick. The woman snatches it out of her hands and reads aloud. To apply take off lid and push up bottom.The groom was born in 1975, a year when the Khmer Rouge invaded Cambodia and Saigon surrendered to the northernmost Vietnamese. So its true what they say, these things always happen in threes.He went to St. Serfs school were he was a rather quiet pupil, until of course, as anyone who knows him, he stepped onto the soccer pitch. He shunned the roll of forward for the more unorthodox bare knuckle boxer and chief shin kicker role, it was novelty for him to be on the pitch a whole ninety minutes, never mind score goals. He then went on to play for Prestonfield Boys Club and then Napier University football team. Sadly this was to be the end of his sporting career, as this was when he discovered alcohol and women.After school the groom worked in a Saturday job at Homebase. I spoke to an hoar work colleague who was only too happy to tell me of his time there.

Eulogy for Mother :: Eulogies Eulogy

Eulogy for MotherThe desert sands have seen grand dames but the grandest they ever did see was your friend, my mother, a soul handle no other, the beautiful Marti B. We are gathered together to pay our respects and to bid her fond adieu.Though a eulogy cannot do justice to the charr we completely knewThe lessons I learned when I was young are things I dont recall,But Mom, I hunch over, was always there in the center of it all.She instilled in me the precise things on which my life is builtCourage, compassion, laughter and drive, with a sprinkling of guilt.She taught me how to tie my shoes and taught me to stand tallShe taught me that to really live means giving it your allShe kept me sharp and on my toes she pushed me to excelAnd gave to me a love of words, as if you couldnt tell She gave us all security, by always being there.She didnt always chalk up with you but you could feel her careShe gave us all sincerity and our sense of wrong from rightYet she would stay up worrying i f we were late at night.She was the keeper of the clan, and could tell a pictures story.You know that she was proud of us, and reveled in our glory.She had a way of reaching let on that kept us all in tinctShe helped enriched so many lives, well miss her oh so much. So boundless was her selfless love and gigantic was her heart,Her daughters class all called her Mom and boy she fit the part.She had a way of making friends no matter where shed goIn a checkout line, or a round of golf -- more friends she d get to know She usually made such an impression at any type of party.Our high school friends would drop on by, to visit just with Marti.She held her own out on the floor she love to cut a rug.And treated everyone as friends, and each one got a hug.President of the Ladies Club, she made friends and got things done.Always working at her game, even after her hole in one.With her flair, her smile, her caring eyes, there should be no doubt.That like a bundle of energy, giving s what she was about She really loved to play group games, even if shed often looseShe was always ready to play again, any game that you might choose

Eulogy for Mother :: Eulogies Eulogy

Eulogy for MotherThe desert sands have seen grand dames but the grandest they ever did see was your friend, my mother, a soul like no other, the beautiful Marti B. We are gathered together to pay our respects and to bid her fond adieu.Though a eulogy cannot do respectableice to the woman we each(prenominal) knewThe lessons I learned when I was young are things I dont recall,But Mom, I know, was always there in the cracker of it all.She instilled in me the little things on which my life is builtCourage, compassion, laughter and drive, with a sprinkling of guilt.She taught me how to tie my shoes and taught me to stand tallShe taught me that to really live authority giving it your allShe kept me sharp and on my toes she pushed me to excelAnd gave to me a love of words, as if you couldnt tell She gave us all security, by always organism there.She didnt always agree with you but you could feel her careShe gave us all sincerity and our sense of wrong from rightYet she would stay up to rment if we were late at night.She was the keeper of the clan, and could tell a pictures story.You know that she was proud of us, and reveled in our glory.She had a way of reaching out that kept us all in touchShe helped enriched so many lives, well miss her oh so much. So boundless was her selfless love and gigantic was her heart,Her daughters class all called her Mom and male child she fit the part.She had a way of making friends no matter where shed goIn a checkout line, or a round of golf -- more friends she d get to know She usually made such an impression at any type of party.Our high school friends would drop on by, to visit just with Marti.She held her own out on the floor she loved to cut a rug.And treated everyone as friends, and each one got a hug.President of the Ladies Club, she made friends and got things done. eer working at her game, even after her hole in one.With her flair, her smile, her caring eyes, there should be no doubt.That like a bundle of energy, giving s what she was astir(predicate) She really loved to play group games, even if shed often looseShe was always ready to play again, any game that you might choose

Assessment Portfolio and Analysis Essay

The purpose of appraisement.b.Your plan for including assessment when working with children. c.How you can use assessment to document childrens work. d.How you will use childrens interests and ideas when assessing. judgement Portfolio and AnalysisThe mission is to help children/students to better themselves and be able to finish any task that they have started to the fullest. The conclusion is to determine where the child is at developmentally/educationally. I will learn where the child stands, what they already know and how farther they can be pushed to achieving our goal. According to the text, Assessment is the process of gathering information about children from several forms of evidence, then organizing and interpreting that information (Wortham, S.C. (2012). I know that it is the instructors responsibility to test the students, from that the teacher will be able to understand where each individual child stands.My plan for including assessment when working with children is t o be able to carefully be assess the child and take my time. I will make accurate decisions regarding the child and will include the childs parents as well for their input. One representation that I can use assessment to document the childs work is through portfolio. According to teacher.scholastic.com, These purposeful collections of childrens work illustrate their efforts, progress, and achievements everywhere time. Teachers and children can compile the collections together from work completed in the classroom. As they talk together about the childs interests and progress, they develop new activities for the child to focus on.(http//teacher.scholastic.com/professional/assessment/perfassess.htm)

Life and Works of Rizal Essay

He continued his studies at the Universidad Central de Madrid, Spain, where he gain the degree of Licientiate in Medicine. He also attended the University of Paris in France and earned second doctorate at the University of Heidelberg in Germany. Having travelled the world extensively, Rizal became informed in at least twenty-two languages. He was a prolific poet, essayist, diarist, correspondent, and novelist whose most famous works were his two novels, Noli me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.These works fearlessly undefendable the injustices committed by the Spanish civil and clerical officials in the Philippines amd spurred the militancy of armed noveltyaries and reformist against more than 300 years of Spanish rule. Rizal was proponent of institutional reforms by peaceful means rather than violence revolution. But he was associated with the growing insurgency movement and declared an enemy of the state by the Spanish authorities particularly because of the publication of his nove ls.He was deported to Dapitan in Zamboanga then incarcerated at Fort Santiago. When the Katipunan exploded into the full-blown revolution, the authorities were quick to incriminate him. After a mock trial, Rizal was convicted and sentence to die by firing squad at Bagubayan on December 30, 1896. Eventually, his martyred death proved to be the catalyst that precipitated the Philippine revolution and the downfall of the Spanish colonial rule.

School will Improve Education in America

School weft will improve procreation in America. Public works be grossly inefficient, and are not educating m either of Americas youths adequately. Schools that are run independent from local government bureaucracy provide better education at lower cost. School survival of the fittest would allow more students to at disco biscuitd better takes. School choice is a potent educational reform that is far more effective than increased spending. The fears of opponents of tutor choice are factually un appointed. School choice is necessary to improve Ameri trick education.Through allowing more parental choice in education, school choice forces education into a free market environment. As it is now, parents send children to the nearest school, assigned to them by the school district. If a family is wealthy enough and chooses to do so, parents roll in the hay send children to clandestine schools. However, this family then pays twice for one education. They still pay their taxes, and they pay the tuition for the private school. Under a school choice plan, both parent who decides to send their child to a private school will receive a scholarship from the government, redeem adequate for tuition at scholarship judge private schools.The scholarship dollar amount is far below that of the average cost per student per year at public schools, but would allow millions of parents who cannot forthwith afford private tuition to do so. If a school performed poorly, parents would choose to remove their children, and then send to them to better schools. If a school began losing all its students, and hence all its supporting, the school would desire to improve. Under the current system, government schools get your bullion whether they are doing a erect job or not. Milton Friedman was one of the first-year population to propose a school choice plan.Since he did so over a quarter century ago, support has expanded rapidly. However, few plans for school choice confine ac tually been enacted. The city of Milwaukee enacted a program designed by future choice icon Polly Williams. She asked the simple yet brilliant question, why not allow tax dollars to go to the schools that are working? (Harmer, 162) The plan does not allow religious schools to participate, and allows solitary(prenominal) low-in light children to take part. Schools that participate can have no more than 49% of their students are scholarship receiving students.The extremely limited scale demonstration has had little effect on Milwaukee public schools, but has enabled many an(prenominal) students to attend better schools. The number of students in the choice program has grown every year, in 1990 there were 341, in 1994 there were 846. (McGroarty, 36) In California in 1993, the Parental Choice in culture Initiative was placed on the ballot. The initiative was defeated by more than 2 to 1. However, proponents were outspent by a agentive role of 4 to 1. Unions such(prenominal) as the AFL-CIO, Nation Education Association, and California Teachers association raised over $17 million.Proponents raised only $4. 1 million, and were left with only $2. 5 million once they got the initiative on the ballot. (Harmer, 147) Demonstrators attempted to physically prevent people from signing the petitions to get the initiative on the ballot. People advisedly signed the petition multiple times to hamper school choice efforts. One person signed 23 times. Principles and instructors sent home anti-school choice breeding with children. School boards, such as that of the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD), illegally used public funds and forums to send an anti-choice message.From the standpoint of well to do Washington, D. C. suburbs, a school choice plan may seem unnecessary. Choice plans are not designed to help the upper-middle or upper class children. David Harmer wrote, In my travels as president of the Excellence through Choice in Education League (ExCEL), I rarel y met rich white suburban Republicans who were desperate for alternative schools. (Harmer, 114) They already get a good education from government schools. However, rural poor and inner-city children do not have that luxury.For interrogatoryple, in the city of Milwaukee, only 40% of freshman will eventually graduate from high school, and the average GPA for students is a D+. (McGroarty, 30) School choice plans would help these students the most. The people most involved in the education system are the ones who most easily realize the problems of government schools. The Wall Street Journal wrote that, The California State Census Data Center, aft(prenominal) analyzing the 1990 Census, found that about 18. 2% of the states public school teachers send their children to private schools.Thats nearly twice the statewide average for all households, which is 9. 7% (Harmer, 28) College entrance exam scores have been dropping across the board, and the US often ranks dead last in internationa l comparisons among industrialized nations. From 1960 to 1992, the average SAT score dropped 76 points. If one were to include the reenterings of the SAT test, scores would drop even further. (Harmer, 19) The landmark study by the National Commission on Excellence in Education, A Nation at Risk, claimed, Each coevals of Americans has outstripped its parents in education, in literacy, and in economic attainment.For the first time in the history of our country, the educational skills of one generation will not surpass, will not equal, will not even approach, those of their parents. (Harmer, 25) In addition academic failure, public schools are failing to produce good citizens. According to a Tulane study, 20% of suburban high schoolers condoned shooting someone who had stolen something of theirs. (Harmer, 29) The answer, contrary to what many education reformers claim, is not to throw more money into schools. simply one nation in the entire world spends more money per student, per y ear than the US, Switzerland.Japan, whose schools consistently outperform those of the US, spends only one-half as much money per student. Accounting for inflation, per student expenditure has increased 40 percent since 1982, and has tripled since 1960. (Harmer, 38) The image of the criminally-netherfunded public school is false. Class size has also failed to improve education. The pupil teacher ratio declined from 25. 81 in 1960 to 17. 31 in 1991. Even in urban public schools, the ratio is as low as 17. 91. (McGroarty, 16) The image of the over crowded inner city school is also false.There is no relationship between spending and educational proceeding in grade schools. A recent comparison of per student expenditure and scores on the National Assessment of Educational Progress tests by Forbes and cover Data Associates found the correlation coefficient for a linear relationship between spending and test scores to be 0. 12. (This value could range from -1 to 1, the closer the dogma tic value of the correlation coefficient is to 1, the stronger the relationship. ) (Brimelow, 52) Where does all the money go? In the LAUSD only 36 % of school funding is spent on teacher salaries, textbooks, and supplies.Thirty-one people are paid over $100,000 a year, only one of which is a teacher. Statewide in California, only 44 percent of the people employed by the school system are teachers. In the independent schools in California, 86 percent of school employees are teachers. (Harmer, 41-43) The situation is the same nationwide. Researcher Michael Fisher found that only 25. 7% of funds reach the classroom in Milwaukee schools. (McGroarty, 21) It is plain to see that throwing more money at schools and calling it reform wont help the situation. leading of the National Education Association and its statewide affiliates have done much of the campaigning against proposed school choice plans. They represent the only people who are pock to lose because of school choice the educati on bureaucrats. Their jobs will no longer be guaranteed by a government monopoly. Many people fear that schools back up by the new choice movements would be fly-by-night institutions that are out to make a profit, teach racial and religious discrimination, and condone violent behavior. However, legislative school choice efforts have placed regulations on independent schools.The Parental Choice in Education initiative in California contained the following items (1) No school, which discriminates on the basis of race, ethnicity, color, or national origin, may redeem scholarships. (2) To the extent permitted by this Constitution and the Constitution of the United States. The State shall prevent from redeeming scholarships any school which advocates unlawful behavior teaches hatred of any person or group on the basis of race, ethnicity, color, national origin, religion, or gender or deliberately provides false or misleading information respecting the school. 3) No school with fewer tha n 25 students may redeem scholarships, unless the Legislature provides otherwise. These measures would prevent fraud and discrimination. School choice does not condone discrimination. Government already regulates private schools to some degree, and this would definitely not decrease with the use of vouchers. Too many people are under the opinion that private schools are all elite academies or preppy boarding schools, both of which charge admission the price of a college education.However, 95 percent of Catholic schools, and 88 percent of Protestant schools charge tuition under $2,500 a year. Robert Genetski said, Average cost data for public and private education indicate that in 1990 the operating cost per student for kindergarten through grade 12 in public schools was $4,841, compared with private school costs of $1,902. (Harmer, 76) The truth is that even the poorest of parents would be able to afford a private education with a school choice plan.In legislative efforts for choic e in California, parents would receive a voucher for half the cost of public schools, which would completely cover the costs of many adequate private schools. It is true that the government would lose money by giving scholarships to students already attending private schools. However, the government gains money by losing new students to private schools, since only half of a students tax money follows the student. The students that leave after school choice is enacted would provide a pool of money that would more than cover current private school attendees.Furthermore, David Harmer, author of the Parental Choice in Education initiative and School Choice Why You Need It, How You Get It, said that if he had to rewrite the initiative, he would include a measure that would phase in school choice. Each year one new grade would be allowed to participate, starting at Kindergarten, and ending with grade 12. No students currently in private schools would benefit from school choice. (Harmer, 1 78) Opponents of school choice fear that children with special needs would be left out in the cold, since private schools would deny them admission.However, special education is already dealt with by a voucher type system. Public schools cannot meet the needs of many children, so the government sends these children with special needs to private contractors, such as the local School for Contemporary Education. Children who have special needs are guaranteed an equivalent education by many state laws, and this would not revision under a school choice plan. Edd Doerr wrote that, Despite repeated and misleading claims to the contrary, vouchers are merely the latest in a long line of attempts by sectarian special interests to channel public money to church-related education institutions. (Doerr, et al, 37)He conjures up images of government funded religious schools that, horror of horrors, teach religion. However, the GI Bill is innate If a student decides to spend money from the govern ment on a religious education, it does not mean that the wall between church and state has come tumbling down. Today students use money from the GI Bill and Pell Grants at religious colleges without any problem. Voucher plans are the exact same thing, except with jr. kids. George Bush even called his school choice plan the GI Bill for Kids.To say that vouchers fund religious schools is to say that food stamps are government funding of supermarkets. As to cultural balkanization, school choice would not effect this at all. Religious or racial discrimination is not allowed. The claim that society is held in concert by a common school experience is a faulty argument. Schools exist to teach, not for the sake of existing. Americans respect diversity and freedom of opinion, but someway a diversity of ideas in education seems anathema. Private schools send a higher percentage of students to college than do public schools.Their students perform better on govern tests. They operate more cos t efficiently. They are directly responsible to the parents of their students, while public schools pay more attention to school boards and administrators. Government schools have had a monopoly on children for far too long. Thanks to their efforts, one third of American seventeen-year-olds cannot locate France on a map of the world. Only one in ten can write a reasonable paragraph or do pre-college mathematics. Every citizen in America deserves a decent education. School choice can make it happen.

A personal opinion in favor of the trophy culture system of rewarding children regardless of performance Essay

Should kids receive an award secure for participating? This question has become one of large(p) debate in recent years following the rise of trophy Culture, a system where children receive awards regardless of performance and get applauded for but showing up. Many p bents argue that giving children awards even if they do non perform well promotes entitlement and teaches them to not try. My thoughts on the matter were a little sundry(a) before I did any research on the subject. As someone who has participated in track and cross-country for years, I have been a witness to Trophy Culture in many of the races Ive competed in. When I was a beginner kickoff, I rarely if ever placed in races, and was often still disposed a medal just for completing the course. Anyone who has taken part in a large-scale public race like Race for the Cure or the Disneyland Marathon knows what I am talking ab give away, basically if you get across the finish line even if youre hours behind the first pl ace runner there will still be someone there putting a medal around your neck at the end. When I was younger and slower, acquire that medal was extremely exciting because I felt like even finishing 3 miles of running as an everywhereweight 7th grader was a king-size accomplishment. And the girls who blameless in the top 20 of the races typically got another medal on top of the participation one, meaning I still had something to strive towards, so lack of motivation was not a problem. And as Ive grown and improved in my running skills, the Trophy Culture that is extremely prevalent in the sport of running still does not bother me. I could argue that getting up at 600 AM every morning over the summer and training my hardest, only to win a half marathon then get the exact same medal as the woman who finished last almost 2 hours after I am disheartening. However, I believe that the trophies we get for accomplishing things like this are essentially meaningless, and the true reward is the odour of triumph one gets when finishing something truly challenging.This feeling relates to the existence of self-esteem, or ones overall evaluation of their worth as a person. Doing a difficult task well like performing excellently in a soccer game or acing a test are ways we can improve our self-esteem and feel better about ourselves. This plays into our sense of self-efficacy, our belief inability to perform and succeed in tasks presented to us. Some parents count that trophy culture is artificially inflating their childrens self-esteem and self-efficacy, making children specify they are performing better than they actually are and allowing for them to almost get stuck in a mediocre performance because they have no reason to believe their performance is less than ideal. On the other side of the argument, there are parents who think that if we award children for completing sports successions or specific events, we are teaching them that it is worth keeping a commitment, that we value this (Heffernan, 2015).A recent report from Real Sports With Bryant Gumble on HBO explored this problem. In the trailer for the show, he is seen interviewing a woman who says that giving trophies to everyone regardless of performance sets the bar pretty low, and she also makes the argument that she indigences kids to improve and be engaged in the process of improvement, and she thinks without incentive this will never happen. This perspective on the topic is one that made headline news when NFL line backer James Harrison took to Instagram announcing he would be sending back the trophies his sons, 6 and 8, received until they earn a real trophy(Wallace, 2015). In an article analyzing the different sides of the debate, Kelly Wallace from CNN points out that many experts side with those saying, if you tell a kid theyre wonderful and they believe you, thats not about healthy self-esteem, thats about self-love.Lisa Heffernan, a contributor to NBC News TODAY, disagrees wit h this mindset. According to her, participation trophies remind kids that they are part of something, and may help build enthusiasm to return for another season. Another point she brings up is that at a time when parents complain of escalating competition in youth sports, trophies remind kids that we value their effort, regardless of ability or results. Her words echo those of a writer by the name of John Kass, whose article in the Chicago Tribune includes a segment from his son who claims Whats ill-timed with a participation trophy for kids? It makes them gifted. Theyre just 6 years old. Isnt it good to be a kid, and happy, playing the game? Theyre just kids. Kass then goes on to explain that this conversation with his son made him realize participation trophies arent as bad as some people want us to believe, and getting a participation trophy as a child didnt make his son any less competitive.After read articles with opinions from both sides of the argument, I have come to the conclusion that my initial view of the topic has not changed I still believe that Trophy Culture is not detrimental to the development of childrens self-esteem and people fighting to end a system that allows awards for participation are wasting their time. Children need encouragement and buy at from their parents, coaches, and others to succeed and stay motivated in everything from sports to academics. Trying to get rid of participation awards could very likely result in discouraged children. standardized John Kasss son said in his discussion with his father, Whats wrong with a participation trophy for kids? It makes them happy. If giving participation trophies make kids happy and doesnt harm anyone else, then the clear choice is to allow participation awards to continue in our society.Works CitedHeffernan, Lisa. In Defense of Participation Trophies What TheyTaught My Son. TODAY.com. N.p., 21 Aug. 2015. Web. 29Apr. 2016.Kass, John. Is Our Trophy Culture Making Happy Losers?Chicago tribune.com. Chicago Tribune, n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2016.Wallace, Kelly. Debate Does Sports Participation Deserve aTrophy? CNN. Cable News Network, n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2016.

Change Management

Nowadays we proceed an acceleration of assortment in the value systems worldwide, an adoption of new attitudes, new refinements, and aspects malarkeying to quick shift of the society. To survive and develop, an organization must first cognize how to anticipate and capitalize on the opportunities and to attenuate or eliminate the vulnerabilities. Second, the organization must dispute the ability to effectively manage the limiting procedure, from detailed investigation of its past and present. Bold, 2011) This report assumes that any organization wishing to adapt their external environment and in particular to the progress, must accept the neuter and respond to them in a quick and prudent way. And to help X Factor organization manages trade as it seeks to puzzle more sustainable through resource power, and as it dupes merged responsibility for the effects of the human resources. The intention of this report is to explain the concept and steps to avow and help X Fact or during their wobble fulfill of restructuring piece of work ascribable to a sustainable body of work.For the start we be going to take a olfactory sensation at our organization and a small introduction of their note and their goals. 2. Background X Factor is one of the biggest international automakers in the world, which has 300,734 employees worldwide. The play along was founded in 1980 as a family company to create automobiles. They received Quality chink Award in 2000 in the US branch. afterwards that they started to expand their personal line of credit to Europe, and started with Germany. After fleck they established they branches in 10 countries, Germany, I-J, Denmark, Netherlands, France, Italy, Switzerland, Japan, China and Argentina.With development the rail line and as well with development markets, music directors start to think about the ways to add value to their contrast. They established to remain competitive they should be take more upkeep to the environmental issues. They understood this fact which in addition to ecological aspects of sinew and how it can detriment the environment and our earth, using energy in fact is in truth costly, because it is an expensive resource and it is one the highest operational expenditures.Therefore energy consumption has become a breeding issue for most of the industrial sectors and hence, they ar looking for competent energy consumption methodologies. In other words, reducing energy consumption makes perfect stock sense it saves money, enhances corporate petition and helps every one hunt the fight against climate channelize. (Carbonates, 2011) In one of their branch which is located in Switzerland, in Zurich that is conscionable commercial and marketing incision, they decided to prevail sustainability in to their work.Their workplace consists of 3 floors in one twist, with 120 fulfillment employees and 20 part times. Their headings for this decision argon to act in a way to benefit two their business and also society. Before we go for the permute assist we allow for analyze their objectives in their business, because any lurch in company is objected to reach the objective and the alee of the core business, so it is in truth important before any transmit processes to define the objectives, goals and main value of the business.What we can see in the rush statement of X Factor is as following(a) X Factor will wizard the way to the future day of mobility, enriching lives around the world with the safest and most prudent ways of moving muckle. Through our commitment to quality, constant innovation and respect for the orbiter, we aim to pass away expectations be rewarded with smile. We will meet our challenging goals by pursue the talent and passion of people, who believe at that place is always a better way. Retail Industry, 2009) So we can see that responsibility to planet is one of their objectives in the business, which here regarding to the change process there atomic number 18 indenting to claim this goal in this branch. In following chapters we will see why and how they will concur this goal to their business. 3. Approach The approach which used in this report to apply the change process and getting the outstrip out of it, started by analyzing the company.After a ill-judged introduction about the organization itself, we explained the current situation in the company which related to environmental issues to whap the culture of this organization. After defining the challenges, opportunities and objectives of the change, we analyzed the crush leadinghip style which could be used (actually used) in the organization by project leaders and also defined the type of change which realized by leaders. Then we did a stakeholder analysis in order to identify who will benefit and challenge in this process.After stakeholder analysis we started with one of the changes model, to apply the process of change in the com pany. At the end we will analyze the outcomes and results of the change. 2 4. Situation Analysis After lots of discussion and researches on change processes, tutors decide for he first step try to understand the changing behavior in their groups and organization that expect an understanding of how these communities act to work, an identification of barriers and facilitators for change and what processs their behavior in general. 4. Current Situation After a wide analysis with experts in environmental issues, following results were found collectible to their current behavior in environmental issues Most of the employees be working in offices which consist of 2 or 3 person, and there are some private offices as well in all tierce levels. All the Coos overhear their private offices which are rarely used. There are 5 meeting board in whole structure which are most of the time empty, because due to their global business most of the important meetings are taking place in other countries, and these meeting suite will Just usable for domestic issues.After considering the expenses of the company they found out that travel expenses are too high due to taking part in meetings and small discussions. The usage of papers and copy machines are too high. In general usages of energy in the company are also too high, which is more or less 1. 5 times more than usual. (This includes water, electricity, heating, light 4. 2 Organization Culture The culture which exists in the organization is the hierarchical culture, a highly structured and bollock place to work with high control.Rules and procedures govern behavior. Leaders strive to be good coordinators and organizers who are efficiency- minded. Maintaining a smooth-running organization is most critical. Stability, military operation, and competent operations are the long-term goals. Success mean dependable delivery, smooth scheduling, and low cost. Management wants security and predictability. (Tarp, 2009) look to this culture, leaders should try to have a Truckee plan and system to implement change.Despite of high hierarchical culture, higher managers willing to have all employees involve to the change process. 3 4. 3 Reasons for change Sustainability has three aspects in a company, Environmental, Social and Economical. Environmental sustainability is about maintaining the integrity of life take hold systems. This aspect incorporates the important notions of biodiversity and ecosystem services. As our energy and natural resource demands grow, impacts to ecosystems are systems proportionally growing and causing more damage to the health of our planet and inning communities.Social sustainability is about equity at bottom and between generations and within and between ethnic and social groups. It is comprehensive of peoples mental and physical well wellbeing and the cohesion of their communities based on a up function distribution of natural resources. Economic sustainability means usi ng resources to bid obligatory and desirable products and services for the present generation without compromising the ability of present future generations to do the same.Sustainability presents opportunities for efficiency that can improve business per accomplishment and competitiveness, while reducing operating while costs. Sustainability, 2012) We can also wee three aspects of sustainability in figure 4. 3. 1 Figure 4. 3. 1 Aspects of Sustainability Source http//www. Porous-sigma. Com/ recital/1082 sigma. Com/ register/1082 4 Energy is one of the highest operation expenditures in an organization, so if the organization wants to keep competitive should care about sustainability and energy efficiency. 4. Benefits/Opportunities Sustainability and being sustainable has lots of benefits for the organization, which we can categorize them in three parts. We can measure the benefits of sustainability on Profit, major planet and People. (Stringer, 2009) Profit Sustainability can sav e Organizations Money and Resources, Increases operational efficiency and reduced operating costs, Organizations that embrace sustainability are likely to have an advantage in recruiting and retaining little people w ho value the environment and w hose Job preferences may increasingly reflect these attitudes.Given the high concern many organizations have about attracting, retaining and motivating workers, the sustainability advantage could be significant, Increases profit and node loyalty, Adopting Sustainability Enhances reputation and brand image, Creates new business opportunities, Increases productivity and morale, Preferential government and regulatory treatment, intention in market through cooperation with local communities.Planet Significant preservation in carbon footprint and greenhouse gas e bursters, Reducing energy consumption, Saving planet for future. People Productivity and Increased morale for employees, Positive and brawny work environment, Benefit from a sust ainable environment, Increased employee satisfaction Loyalty and engagement to company with sustainable policies. 5 4. 5 Challenges/Barriers One of the biggest challenges and barriers in this change process are employees, ND involving them in the change process.Involving employees are really important in this change process because of the following reasons The employees are the ones that will be seeing to it that all the day-to-day tasks at the workplace reflect the principles on sustainability. Without their support, the project will surely fail. Involvement is not Just a means. It is also a core value of the sustainability concept that people have the right to have influence on their own working lives. It is therefore in everyones disport that the employees are involved in he discussion, the planning and the implementation of the workplace initiatives to promote sustainability. FCC, 2004) present we are going to discuss about some of the reasons which we world power face with e mployees during the change process to a sustainable workplace in the organization cognition and behavior gap This can be due to users pretermit of knowledge about general environmental impacts of consumption. And it will also happen because of the neglect of communication. As we know one the important steps for a happy leader is to communicate with employees, and convince them about the benefits of change transition.Change ManagementWeek 3 Assignment Introduction Briefly explain the change focussing initiative. Change tending initiative is a logical method of an organization transformation processbased on qualitative and quantitative informationfrom key stakeholders perspective. When an organization is experiencing a change process, it goes through several phases acceptance, acclimation and commitment. From this change process, Palmer, Dunford and Akins discuss in Managing Organization Change the six different images of managing change. These images of change are director, na vigator, caretaker, coach, interpreter, and nurturer.Briefly explain the importance of the Images concepts and application to the change management initiative. Change manager as director is based upon achievable outcomes from a managers perspective. These images tolerate managers with the freedom to audible and make the book adjustments to strategic initiatives in order to fulfill a goal and gain results. Change manager as navigator is when external forces set the narrative for change and the manager has to maneuver through obstacles and improvise when necessary to achieve positive outcomes.Change manager as caretaker is when some(prenominal) external and internal forces limit a managers ability to produce results from known or creative efforts. A caretaker results are normally stagnant and becomes only a manager of bureaucratic ideas. Change manager as coach is when a manager orchestrates and instructs an organization strategic order of business on how to execute and produce r esults. Change manager as interpreter is when a manager effectively communicates key stakeholders schedule within an organization. Change manager as nurturer is when an organization is affected by external forces that severely control the outcome of a manager.Therefore, a manager comforts and supports an organization by reinforcing a positive attitude, supportive to others, and providing hope. Application Analysis Provide a history of information from your organization or case rent that supports the change management initiative. Provide a review of the change management process related to your chosen topic. When my company was going through financial woes due to the U. S. economic downturn in 2009, the CEO and VP of Operations introduced Lean methodology to the company.The Lean concept was based on continuous improvements for every part and forceful on producing efficiency and cost reductions. The managers managed the change by coaching and nurturing the strategic change initi ative. Each company site had a project manager that was instruct in Lean and Six Sigma. In turn, every project manager coached Lean throughout the organization and appointed Lean champions (project Lean coordinators) from every department to execute the strategic agenda. After providing this review of the change, based on how the change was managed, how would you assess the people/person who managed this change?What Image would you use to eviscerate the change manager(s) style and why? The Lean schema produced a high production of results and a culture of continuous improvement throughout the organization. Even though the dodge was fortunate, my company still reduced its workforce by 20%. During this time, the project manager as coach also became the project manager as nurturer. It was passing difficult to produce results when many employees morale was down. Project managers were very influential in encouraging employees to stay focused and weather the economic storm.This appro ach make most employees hopeful and positive, which produced positive results. Lessons Learned Briefly explain what you have learned by applying the concept to the strategic change initiative. The concept of strategic change initiative focuses on cross-functional support, effective communication, and a consensus approach to produce positive organizational results. Based on what you learned, explain in some detail how a practicing manager could use this knowledge to better manage change. Change is inevitable for all companies.A practicing manager could use these six change images technique to fully perfect opportunities. The manager will be able to produce positive outcomes by being an effective leader through adversity. Identify any mistakes that were make in using the change concept and how you would fix the situation. There were some goals that were not achievable due to the reduction in force and environment. The situation could have been indomitable by simply doing an employee assessment and modifying the strategic initiative to reflect the actual number of workers. This would have made the goals more achievable.Change ManagementNowadays we mark an acceleration of change in the value systems worldwide, an adoption of new attitudes, new goals, and aspects leading to rapid change of the society. To survive and develop, an organization must first know how to anticipate and capitalize on the opportunities and to attenuate or eliminate the vulnerabilities. Second, the organization must demonstrate the ability to effectively manage the change process, from detailed investigation of its past and present. Bold, 2011) This report assumes that any organization wishing to adapt their external environment and especially to the progress, must accept the change and respond to them in a quick and responsible way. And to help X Factor organization manages change as it seeks to become more sustainable through resource efficiency, and as it takes corporate responsibility for the effects of the human resources. The objective of this report is to explain the concept and steps to support and help X Factor during their change process of restructuring workplace due to a sustainable workplace.For the start we are going to take a look at our organization and a small introduction of their business and their goals. 2. Background X Factor is one of the biggest international automakers in the world, which has 300,734 employees worldwide. The company was founded in 1980 as a family company to create automobiles. They received Quality mesh Award in 2000 in the US branch. After that they started to expand their business to Europe, and started with Germany. After while they established they branches in 10 countries, Germany, I-J, Denmark, Netherlands, France, Italy, Switzerland, Japan, China and Argentina.With growing the business and also with growing markets, managers start to think about the ways to add value to their business. They realized to remain competi tive they should be take more attention to the environmental issues. They understood this fact which in addition to ecological aspects of energy and how it can damage the environment and our earth, using energy in fact is really costly, because it is an expensive resource and it is one the highest operational expenditures.Therefore energy consumption has become a major issue for most of the industrial sectors and hence, they are looking for efficient energy consumption methodologies. In other words, reducing energy consumption makes perfect business sense it saves money, enhances corporate petition and helps every one lead the fight against climate change. (Carbonates, 2011) In one of their branch which is located in Switzerland, in Zurich that is Just commercial and marketing department, they decided to apply sustainability in to their workplace.Their workplace consists of 3 floors in one building, with 120 fulfillment employees and 20 part times. Their objectives for this decision are to act in a way to benefit both their business and also society. Before we go for the change process we will analyze their objectives in their business, because any change in company is objected to reach the objective and the alee of the core business, so it is really important before any change processes to specify the objectives, goals and main value of the business.What we can see in the mission statement of X Factor is as following X Factor will lead the way to the future of mobility, enriching lives around the world with the safest and most responsible ways of moving people. Through our commitment to quality, constant innovation and respect for the planet, we aim to exceed expectations be rewarded with smile. We will meet our challenging goals by prosecute the talent and passion of people, who believe there is always a better way. Retail Industry, 2009) So we can see that responsibility to planet is one of their objectives in the business, which here regarding to the chan ge process there are indenting to claim this goal in this branch. In following chapters we will see why and how they will apply this goal to their business. 3. Approach The approach which used in this report to apply the change process and getting the best out of it, started by analyzing the company.After a concisely introduction about the organization itself, we explained the current situation in the company which related to environmental issues to know the culture of this organization. After defining the challenges, opportunities and objectives of the change, we analyzed the best leadership style which could be used (actually used) in the organization by project leaders and also defined the type of change which realized by leaders. Then we did a stakeholder analysis in order to identify who will benefit and challenge in this process.After stakeholder analysis we started with one of the changes model, to apply the process of change in the company. At the end we will analyze the ou tcomes and results of the change. 2 4. Situation Analysis After lots of discussion and researches on change processes, managers decide for he first step try to understand the changing behavior in their groups and organization that require an understanding of how these communities act to work, an identification of barriers and facilitators for change and what influences their behavior in general. 4. Current Situation After a wide analysis with experts in environmental issues, following results were found due to their current behavior in environmental issues Most of the employees are working in offices which consist of 2 or 3 person, and there are some private offices as well in all three levels. All the Coos have their private offices which are rarely used. There are 5 meeting rooms in whole building which are most of the time empty, because due to their global business most of the important meetings are taking place in other countries, and these meeting rooms will Just usable for do mestic issues.After considering the expenses of the company they found out that travel expenses are too high due to taking part in meetings and small discussions. The usage of papers and copy machines are too high. In general usages of energy in the company are also too high, which is about 1. 5 times more than usual. (This includes water, electricity, heating, light 4. 2 Organization Culture The culture which exists in the organization is the hierarchical culture, a highly structured and noble place to work with high control.Rules and procedures govern behavior. Leaders strive to be good coordinators and organizers who are efficiency- minded. Maintaining a smooth-running organization is most critical. Stability, performance, and efficient operations are the long-term goals. Success means dependable delivery, smooth scheduling, and low cost. Management wants security and predictability. (Tarp, 2009) Looking to this culture, leaders should try to have a Truckee plan and scheme to implement change.Despite of high hierarchical culture, higher managers willing to have all employees involve to the change process. 3 4. 3 Reasons for change Sustainability has three aspects in a company, Environmental, Social and Economical. Environmental sustainability is about maintaining the integrity of life support systems. This aspect incorporates the important notions of biodiversity and ecosystem services. As our energy and natural resource demands grow, impacts to ecosystems are systems proportionally growing and causing more damage to the health of our planet and inning communities.Social sustainability is about equity within and between generations and within and between ethnic and social groups. It is inclusive of peoples mental and physical well wellbeing and the cohesion of their communities based on a fair distribution of natural resources. Economic sustainability means using resources to provide necessary and desirable products and services for the present generatio n without compromising the ability of present future generations to do the same.Sustainability presents opportunities for efficiency that can improve business per performance and competitiveness, while reducing operating while costs. Sustainability, 2012) We can also wee three aspects of sustainability in figure 4. 3. 1 Figure 4. 3. 1 Aspects of Sustainability Source http//www. Porous-sigma. Com/archives/1082 sigma. Com/archives/1082 4 Energy is one of the highest operation expenditures in an organization, so if the organization wants to stay competitive should care about sustainability and energy efficiency. 4. Benefits/Opportunities Sustainability and being sustainable has lots of benefits for the organization, which we can categorize them in three parts. We can measure the benefits of sustainability on Profit, Planet and People. (Stringer, 2009) Profit Sustainability can save Organizations Money and Resources, Increases operational efficiency and reduced operating costs, Organiz ations that embrace sustainability are likely to have an advantage in recruiting and retaining young people w ho value the environment and w hose Job preferences may increasingly reflect these attitudes.Given the high concern many organizations have about attracting, retaining and motivating workers, the sustainability advantage could be significant, Increases profit and customer loyalty, Adopting Sustainability Enhances reputation and brand image, Creates new business opportunities, Increases productivity and morale, Preferential government and regulatory treatment, Innovation in market through cooperation with local communities.Planet Significant thrift in carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emissions, Reducing energy consumption, Saving planet for future. People Productivity and Increased morale for employees, Positive and hygienic work environment, Benefit from a sustainable environment, Increased employee satisfaction Loyalty and engagement to company with sustainable policie s. 5 4. 5 Challenges/Barriers One of the biggest challenges and barriers in this change process are employees, ND involving them in the change process.Involving employees are really important in this change process because of the following reasons The employees are the ones that will be seeing to it that all the day-to-day tasks at the workplace reflect the principles on sustainability. Without their support, the project will surely fail. Involvement is not Just a means. It is also a core value of the sustainability concept that people have the right to have influence on their own working lives. It is therefore in everyones liaison that the employees are involved in he discussion, the planning and the implementation of the workplace initiatives to promote sustainability. FCC, 2004) Here we are going to discuss about some of the reasons which we efficacy face with employees during the change process to a sustainable workplace in the organization Knowledge and behavior gap This can be due to users lack of knowledge about general environmental impacts of consumption. And it will also happen because of the lack of communication. As we know one the important steps for a successful leader is to communicate with employees, and convince them about the benefits of change transition.Change ManagementFundamentally change management is commerce with two things, the technique by which change is obtained in any specific company along with how working class managed to accomplish the desired change. It has been pragmatic that in this globe there are discordant kinds of industries, verbal communication and moreover the problems of everybody are diverse from each others however the change management process is almost similar for all (Oliver Recklies).Approach to change management The reason for the adoption of change management is one with the intention of gaining higher-ranking leadership by individuals concerned in the midst of the expenditure pronouncement, financial supp ort as well as to cover the problems which has been generated for the reason that of change. The change management problem may also be taken as the process which has to describe that how to move from one condition A to a new condition A.For moving from the position A to A there are three types of objectives, they are transforming, reduce and apply, the transform is about identifying the differences between the two states, then the reduce goals are about how to eliminate these differences between two states and the apply goal is concerned with making placement of operator that actually effect the elimination of these differences. So it is believed that the process of managing change commences by way of unfreezing then it acquired the anticipated change moreover the process ends with refreezing.It is mostly seen that changes along with the change troubles they in attendance are tribulations of modification so as to they have necessitate of the tie-up no more than that it contrivance by means of an increasingly changing position of conditions, to have better understanding with this approach let us take the drill of AT&T and IBM, these organizations are designed by someone else and is being operated by others, it is believe of working class that these organizations has been designed by geniuses and maneuver by idiots consequently for being successfully established they have resolved the predicament of structure at near the beginning stage by the means of the definition, position and synchronization of occupation as well as people.Further populace then has to survive by way of this intend, for the reason that the ends comprises previously be conventional, the other people are predominantly apprehensive with means. For this motivation many problem solving efforts establish paying attention on means.So it is understood that approach for managing change take account of appreciative the problem on or after every characteristic furthermore then approaching with the s olution in addition to the appropriate submission of revolutionize to arrangement, for this progression the structured approach is taken as the contrivance furthermore it be capable of serving as the successful association group and when it formulate the understanding with the personage revolutionize organization these both paraphernalia make available a framework for supervising (Fred Nickols, 2006).For the change management analytical as well as peoples skills are the basic needs, by analytical skills we mean that one should not make any mistake about, it means that the person whom the managing change task is given they should have better understanding with the situation so they can make right analysis at the right time to give desired results (John Kotter, 1995-2002) and by peoples skills we mean that peoples must have skills to make understanding with the bought up change (Fred Nickols, 2006).Change ManagementWeek 3 Assignment Introduction Briefly explain the change management i nitiative. Change management initiative is a logical method of an organization transformation processbased on qualitative and quantitative informationfrom key stakeholders perspective. When an organization is experiencing a change process, it goes through several phases acceptance, acclimation and commitment. From this change process, Palmer, Dunford and Akins discuss in Managing Organization Change the six different images of managing change. These images of change are director, navigator, caretaker, coach, interpreter, and nurturer.Briefly explain the importance of the Images concepts and application to the change management initiative. Change manager as director is based upon achievable outcomes from a managers perspective. These images provide managers with the freedom to audible and make the appropriate adjustments to strategic initiatives in order to fulfill a goal and gain results. Change manager as navigator is when external forces set the narrative for change and the manage r has to maneuver through obstacles and improvise when necessary to achieve positive outcomes.Change manager as caretaker is when both external and internal forces limit a managers ability to produce results from known or creative efforts. A caretaker results are normally stagnant and becomes only a manager of bureaucratic ideas. Change manager as coach is when a manager orchestrates and instructs an organization strategic agenda on how to execute and produce results. Change manager as interpreter is when a manager effectively communicates key stakeholders agenda within an organization. Change manager as nurturer is when an organization is affected by external forces that severely control the outcome of a manager.Therefore, a manager comforts and supports an organization by reinforcing a positive attitude, supportive to others, and providing hope. Application Analysis Provide a history of information from your organization or case study that supports the change management initiative . Provide a review of the change management process related to your chosen topic. When my company was going through financial woes due to the U. S. economic downturn in 2009, the CEO and VP of Operations introduced Lean methodology to the company.The Lean concept was based on continuous improvements for every department and evince on producing efficiency and cost reductions. The managers managed the change by coaching and nurturing the strategic change initiative. Each company site had a project manager that was adroit in Lean and Six Sigma. In turn, every project manager coached Lean throughout the organization and appointed Lean champions (project Lean coordinators) from every department to execute the strategic agenda. After providing this review of the change, based on how the change was managed, how would you assess the people/person who managed this change?What Image would you use to describe the change manager(s) style and why? The Lean strategy produced a high production o f results and a culture of continuous improvement throughout the organization. Even though the strategy was successful, my company still reduced its workforce by 20%. During this time, the project manager as coach also became the project manager as nurturer. It was extremely difficult to produce results when many employees morale was down. Project managers were very influential in encouraging employees to stay focused and weather the economic storm.This approach made most employees hopeful and positive, which produced positive results. Lessons Learned Briefly explain what you have learned by applying the concept to the strategic change initiative. The concept of strategic change initiative focuses on cross-functional support, effective communication, and a consensus approach to produce positive organizational results. Based on what you learned, explain in some detail how a practicing manager could use this knowledge to better manage change. Change is inevitable for all companies.A p racticing manager could use these six change images technique to fully optimise opportunities. The manager will be able to produce positive outcomes by being an effective leader through adversity. Identify any mistakes that were made in using the change concept and how you would fix the situation. There were some goals that were not achievable due to the reduction in force and environment. The situation could have been mend by simply doing an employee assessment and modifying the strategic initiative to reflect the actual number of workers. This would have made the goals more achievable.Change ManagementNowadays we observe an acceleration of change in the value systems worldwide, an adoption of new attitudes, new goals, and aspects leading to rapid change of the society. To survive and develop, an organization must first know how to anticipate and capitalize on the opportunities and to attenuate or eliminate the vulnerabilities. Second, the organization must demonstrate the abilit y to effectively manage the change process, from detailed investigation of its past and present. Bold, 2011) This report assumes that any organization wishing to adapt their external environment and especially to the progress, must accept the change and respond to them in a quick and responsible way. And to help X Factor organization manages change as it seeks to become more sustainable through resource efficiency, and as it takes corporate responsibility for the effects of the human resources. The objective of this report is to explain the concept and steps to support and help X Factor during their change process of restructuring workplace due to a sustainable workplace.For the start we are going to take a look at our organization and a small introduction of their business and their goals. 2. Background X Factor is one of the biggest international automakers in the world, which has 300,734 employees worldwide. The company was founded in 1980 as a family company to create automobile s. They received Quality Control Award in 2000 in the US branch. After that they started to expand their business to Europe, and started with Germany. After while they established they branches in 10 countries, Germany, I-J, Denmark, Netherlands, France, Italy, Switzerland, Japan, China and Argentina.With growing the business and also with growing markets, managers start to think about the ways to add value to their business. They realized to remain competitive they should be take more attention to the environmental issues. They understood this fact which in addition to ecological aspects of energy and how it can damage the environment and our earth, using energy in fact is really costly, because it is an expensive resource and it is one the highest operational expenditures.Therefore energy consumption has become a major issue for most of the industrial sectors and hence, they are looking for efficient energy consumption methodologies. In other words, reducing energy consumption mak es perfect business sense it saves money, enhances corporate petition and helps every one lead the fight against climate change. (Carbonates, 2011) In one of their branch which is located in Switzerland, in Zurich that is Just commercial and marketing department, they decided to apply sustainability in to their workplace.Their workplace consists of 3 floors in one building, with 120 fulfillment employees and 20 part times. Their objectives for this decision are to act in a way to benefit both their business and also society. Before we go for the change process we will analyze their objectives in their business, because any change in company is objected to reach the objective and the alee of the core business, so it is really important before any change processes to specify the objectives, goals and main value of the business.What we can see in the mission statement of X Factor is as following X Factor will lead the way to the future of mobility, enriching lives around the world with the safest and most responsible ways of moving people. Through our commitment to quality, constant innovation and respect for the planet, we aim to exceed expectations be rewarded with smile. We will meet our challenging goals by engaging the talent and passion of people, who believe there is always a better way. Retail Industry, 2009) So we can see that responsibility to planet is one of their objectives in the business, which here regarding to the change process there are indenting to claim this goal in this branch. In following chapters we will see why and how they will apply this goal to their business. 3. Approach The approach which used in this report to apply the change process and getting the best out of it, started by analyzing the company.After a short introduction about the organization itself, we explained the current situation in the company which related to environmental issues to know the culture of this organization. After defining the challenges, opportunities and objectives of the change, we analyzed the best leadership style which could be used (actually used) in the organization by project leaders and also defined the type of change which realized by leaders. Then we did a stakeholder analysis in order to identify who will benefit and challenge in this process.After stakeholder analysis we started with one of the changes model, to apply the process of change in the company. At the end we will analyze the outcomes and results of the change. 2 4. Situation Analysis After lots of discussion and researches on change processes, managers decide for he first step try to understand the changing behavior in their groups and organization that require an understanding of how these communities act to work, an identification of barriers and facilitators for change and what influences their behavior in general. 4. Current Situation After a wide analysis with experts in environmental issues, following results were found due to their current behavior in e nvironmental issues Most of the employees are working in offices which consist of 2 or 3 person, and there are some private offices as well in all three levels. All the Coos have their private offices which are rarely used. There are 5 meeting rooms in whole building which are most of the time empty, because due to their global business most of the important meetings are taking place in other countries, and these meeting rooms will Just usable for domestic issues.After considering the expenses of the company they found out that travel expenses are too high due to taking part in meetings and small discussions. The usage of papers and copy machines are too high. In general usages of energy in the company are also too high, which is almost 1. 5 times more than usual. (This includes water, electricity, heating, light 4. 2 Organization Culture The culture which exists in the organization is the hierarchical culture, a highly structured and formal place to work with high control.Rules and procedures govern behavior. Leaders strive to be good coordinators and organizers who are efficiency- minded. Maintaining a smooth-running organization is most critical. Stability, performance, and efficient operations are the long-term goals. Success means dependable delivery, smooth scheduling, and low cost. Management wants security and predictability. (Tarp, 2009) Looking to this culture, leaders should try to have a Truckee plan and strategy to implement change.Despite of high hierarchical culture, higher managers willing to have all employees involve to the change process. 3 4. 3 Reasons for change Sustainability has three aspects in a company, Environmental, Social and Economical. Environmental sustainability is about maintaining the integrity of life support systems. This aspect incorporates the important notions of biodiversity and ecosystem services. As our energy and natural resource demands grow, impacts to ecosystems are systems proportionally growing and causing more damage to the health of our planet and inning communities.Social sustainability is about equity within and between generations and within and between ethnic and social groups. It is inclusive of peoples mental and physical well wellbeing and the cohesion of their communities based on a fair distribution of natural resources. Economic sustainability means using resources to provide necessary and desirable products and services for the present generation without compromising the ability of present future generations to do the same.Sustainability presents opportunities for efficiency that can improve business per performance and competitiveness, while reducing operating while costs. Sustainability, 2012) We can also wee three aspects of sustainability in figure 4. 3. 1 Figure 4. 3. 1 Aspects of Sustainability Source http//www. Porous-sigma. Com/archives/1082 sigma. Com/archives/1082 4 Energy is one of the highest operation expenditures in an organization, so if the organization wants to stay competitive should care about sustainability and energy efficiency. 4. Benefits/Opportunities Sustainability and being sustainable has lots of benefits for the organization, which we can categorize them in three parts. We can measure the benefits of sustainability on Profit, Planet and People. (Stringer, 2009) Profit Sustainability can save Organizations Money and Resources, Increases operational efficiency and reduced operating costs, Organizations that embrace sustainability are likely to have an advantage in recruiting and retaining young people w ho value the environment and w hose Job preferences may increasingly reflect these attitudes.Given the high concern many organizations have about attracting, retaining and motivating workers, the sustainability advantage could be significant, Increases profit and customer loyalty, Adopting Sustainability Enhances reputation and brand image, Creates new business opportunities, Increases productivity and morale, Preferential gover nment and regulatory treatment, Innovation in market through cooperation with local communities.Planet Significant saving in carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emissions, Reducing energy consumption, Saving planet for future. People Productivity and Increased morale for employees, Positive and healthy work environment, Benefit from a sustainable environment, Increased employee satisfaction Loyalty and engagement to company with sustainable policies. 5 4. 5 Challenges/Barriers One of the biggest challenges and barriers in this change process are employees, ND involving them in the change process.Involving employees are really important in this change process because of the following reasons The employees are the ones that will be seeing to it that all the day-to-day tasks at the workplace reflect the principles on sustainability. Without their support, the project will surely fail. Involvement is not Just a means. It is also a core value of the sustainability concept that people hav e the right to have influence on their own working lives. It is therefore in everyones interest that the employees are involved in he discussion, the planning and the implementation of the workplace initiatives to promote sustainability. FCC, 2004) Here we are going to discuss about some of the reasons which we might face with employees during the change process to a sustainable workplace in the organization Knowledge and behavior gap This can be due to users lack of knowledge about general environmental impacts of consumption. And it will also happen because of the lack of communication. As we know one the important steps for a successful leader is to communicate with employees, and convince them about the benefits of change transition.

Amending the Constitution Essay

spirit 1 Which route do you choose? The route I chose was Congress route. Smart startWhy? You remembered that, historically, constitutional amendments have never been initiated at national conventions, even though that is one of the two possible methods outline in Article V. Your decision to use the route that has proved successful in the past increases the odds of your effort puff headwaying. Question 2 House or Senate First?Step 2 Which route do you choose? The route I chose was the House First. Great choiceWhy? You have two trenchant advantages in the House that you dont have in the Senate (1) you are a senior and respected member, and (2) a block of House members al industrious supports the amendment. If you succeed in the House, your odds of also succeeding in the Senate are increased because the House vote may convince many skeptical senators. Question 3 Negotiations in the HouseStep 3 Whose support will you go after? Good moveWhy? Fiscal conservatives arent overjoyed wi th your decision, because deviation in the two-thirds language will still allow the government the option to run a deficit. But, they still want some kind of amendment that will make running a deficit more difficult for the government. Moderates, on the other hand, are happy that youve sided with them. The result is that the bill passes in the House by a comfortable margin, with only a small block of the most ardent fiscal conservatives voting against it. Question 4 A Court ChallengeStep 4 What is your response? Good choiceWhy? As your supporters thought, the suit is thrown out. The judge rules that it is without merit. Having wasted no time on the suit, you are ready to begin working on the Senate to pass your proposal. Question 5 Negotiations in the SenateStep 5 What is your response? Smart moveWhy? The president gives a forceful speech in support of the proposed amendment and within three weeks the bill passes in the Senate. Youve achieved your goal of succeeding at stage one of the process. Now youve got to pass on your attention to getting two-thirds of the states to ratify the amendment, and that could take years. Your work is cut out for you, but youve made it farther than most You Are Proposing a Constitutional Amendment (cont.) decision Amending the U.S. Constitution is not easy. Remember, only 27 amendments to the Constitution have been ratified, while over 10,000 have been proposed. One reason there are so fewer amendments is that the writers of the Constitution made it very difficult to amend it. The two-stage process established by Article V sets the bar high and ensures that any amendments are support throughout the land before they are added to the Constitution. Based on what youve learned in this simulation, consider the following * Are there any issues right directly that you think have enough support throughout the country to become constitutional amendments? * What is the primary benefit to having a constitution that is so difficult to a mend? * What is the primary problem with having a constitution that is so difficult to amend?You have completed this activity. To find out if your professor has made a turn out available for the activity, close this window and return to your course.

Changing Roles Of Men and Women Essay

In the years that followed the arcsecond world war, a golden board in history was set out. There was a pant in business, and after mourning their lost ones, people had grown to accept this new(a) life. How perpetually, this new age as well as led to the social hi daterchy, placing utilisationforce at the top and their wo workforce at their feet.Men at the clock were more than(prenominal) than(prenominal) than identically soldiers, adjusting to peace while once more. For most workforce, the idea was that they would start a family, take out a job, and enjoy the benefits of being at the head of the household. The most common image of a hu troop sputterd from this time was the typical business man, in a suit, going out and providing for his family. (Some of the most common occupations for workforce were drivers, secretaries and businessmen.) In return, it was expected for his wife, and all women, to be what was known as a Good Wife. A good wife would be expected to en gender a meal ready for her hubby, to have consummate copper and make up, and to wait for the man to finish speaking before she spoke. It was socially accept suitable for the man to punish his wife if he was displeased. Marital rape was commonplace, precisely often went unreported, due the expectations of a muliebrity to please her preserve. This often meant that the husband was allowed to cry out his wife for his own pleasure.While it may have been seen as ideal to be the head of the household, the did come some downsides to being a provider. The main issue men faced would have been pressure to provide. It was up to the man and the man alone to provide for what was potentially an incessantly outgrowth family. There would have been a morsel of factors that could have led a man to languish from a prominent deal of stress. With the 50s came the civil rights movement, giving way to more minorities being allowed to work in the same profession as a white man.There was alike an influx of immigrants at this time, who were seen as a cheap labour force by any big industrial power. This led to a number of men losing jobs, which then added to the stress. America at this time was at the elevation of the Red Scargon, a period in which a mass hysteria discoverpedAmericans, and a fear of communism was evident. People that failed to meet the American ideals were often classed as commies, and those that were, were unable to keep their jobs. Therefore, there were a number of factors that prove that despite the fact that they had supremacy, life for the 1950s man was non as booming as it seemed.Women in the 50s had a difficult life. Many traditional women had no line of work being subservient to men, it was an idea that had been in place since the birth of most modern nations. Women in the 50s strived to be the ideal wife. They spent an inordinate amount of time cooking and cleaning, ensuring that everything was perfect for when their husband came home. They w ould similarly ensure that they had perfect hair and make up, and would s bronzed at the ready to greet their husband when he returned.Women would often suffer at the hands of their husbands if they were displeased, and the lack of equal rights jurisprudences meant that this was non however allowed, hardly if in many a(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal) cases, socially expected. Women were unlikely to have a career at this time, over again relying more on their husbands to provide for the family. It was deemed as being disobedient if a cleaning woman went against her husbands will. In the 1960s, a new wave of feminist protests took place, inspired by the civil rights movement.1960sInspired by the successes of the civil rights movement, women became bolder in their demands, and a new wave of feminism took hold. Women began to campaign for equality, and wanted to bring about an end to disparity against women. A lede figure in womens feminism in the mid-sixties was Betty Frie dan. A leading figure in feminism, Friedan published a book in 1963, titled The Feminine Mystique. This was her term for a set if ideas that said that womens happiness came from being wives and mothers. Friedan quarreld this notion, insisting that women driveed employment to avoid foiling and boredom. She wrote of hundreds of college-educated women who felt little better than domestic servants.Men in the sixties retained employment in the military, sales, factories andconstruction. At the time, the studyity of politicians were men, and very few women were allowed a job in power. Typical jobs for women included teachers, nurses, and home-makers. until now though they were working, they were smooth limited to jobs that focused on childcare, or minor medical care. more women than ever were entering into paid work, which led to an increase in dissatisfaction amongst women that were still living in patriarchal households. The sixties led to a number of breakthroughs in feminism.Gr adually, Americans came to accept some of the basic goals of the Sixties feminists equal manufacture for equal work, an end to domestic rage, curtailment of severe limits on women in managerial jobs, an end to internal harassment, and sharing of responsibility for housework and child rearing. During the sixties, there were major changes in marriage, particularly in the bedroom. More than ever, women had begun to use contraception. By the end of the sixties, around 80% of women of childbearing age were using the contraceptive anovulant after its approval by the federal g overnment in 1960. This freed many women from unwanted pregnancy and gave them many more choices, and freedom, in their personal lives.There were heavy feminine inclines on much of the tillage in thee 1960s. In 1963, an American woman, the physicist Maria Goepper-Mayer, won a Nobel Prize for the archetypal time. The civil rights and antiwar movements politicized and radicalised a growing number of women bombar ded with contradictory expectations and images about work and family. While Lesley Gores hit song You go intot Own Me climbed the charts, Leave It to Beaver and Father Knows Best dominated television. One in 5 women with children under 6 and nearly one fourth of women whose children were over 16 held paid jobs in the Sixties. Their pay, however, was 60 percent of the male rate. Though equal pay legislation passed in 1963, that did not solve the chore of low pay in jobs that were classed as effeminate.In 1966, the National organisation for women was formed. In 1968, feminists protested at the turn a loss America pageant, claiming that the competition was sexist. It was no longer unusual to see women in the top positions of what were seen as mens careers, such as Opera Winfrey on TV, Madeline Albright in diplomacy as depository of State, and and in the Supreme Court, withJustices Sandra Day OConnor and Ruth Bayder Ginsburg.1970sIn the seventies, it was apparent that the protests of the sixties had caused changes. Women were now able to hold jobs that granted them more power than ever before. It is clear that at this time, people were generally more accepting, and as a result, this decade saw more female political attracters than ever before. Margaret Thatcher became Britains first female immemorial rector, in a move supported by most of the population. It was not her gender, but her social perspective and her actions that caused controversy, which in a way, showed that women were be approaching more equal to men. Another woman who changed the face of government activity include Isabel Martinez de Peron, who became the first female president of Argentina in 1974.She was also the first female head of state in the western hemisphere who wasnt a monarch. Other women that took positions of great power included Elisabeth Domitien, the first woman Prime Minister of the Central African Republic Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India until 1977 Prime Minister G olda Meir of Israel Lidia Gueiler Tejada, who became president of Bolivia between 1979 and 1980 and Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo, who became the first female Prime Minister of Portugal in 1979.Womens rights and wages were high on the public agenda throughout the 1970s. Women continued to challenge traditional gender roles that confined them to work as child bearers and housewives, or kept them in routine, low-status positions.In the early 1970s, women constituted one-third of the workforce, but were still paid less than men. In 1972, the Whitlam Government command that women doing the same job as men should be paid the same wage. In 1979 women also won the right to paid maternity leave. Few women, however, were employed in managerial or high-status roles.More women had however, begun to work outside the house, men were allowed by society to show their sensitive sides. Whilst women would prepare for work,men would take over more child care and housekeeping roles a step away from any previously breathing stereotypes regarding gender roles. However, with new conflicts such as Vietnam arising, it was a time when many men would be drafted and constrained to fight. At this time, many people opposed the war in Vietnam, and believed that it wasnt worth the loss.Therefore, women werent relied on as heavily during this conflict to keep things running on the home front, and so there wasnt a major shift in gender roles. Equality spread to military service for 70s women as well. Women were however finally admitted into U.S. military academies, though assignments in combat would have to wait. The U.S. Army did, however, finally pass on the Womens Army Corps in 1978 and brought women into the U.S. Army.The feminism of the 60s had not yet died out, and what is referred to as the New moving ridge of feminism came to be. This was a huge success with women becoming more equal on any number of fronts. This was the first time that more women attended college than men, with the number of women in college reservation up 60% of the population. It was also in the sixties that the first female magazines were published, which featured male centrefolds.1980sThe 1980s saw major advances in technology, with televisions, early internet connections and video tapes all becoming more common. Some would argue that this was a new golden age in Hollywood, with hundreds of new movies and TV shows being readily available to those that could soften them. This growth in media had a direct impact on life at the time. Stars such as Sylvester Stallone and Arnold Schwarzenegger promoted the tough guy image in their violent, action packed ventures onto the big screen. This led to a tummy of men trying to emulate this image, with some going to extreme lengths to get that Action Hero wait on. Women in movies at the time were both shown as the Damsel in Distress, in need of rescue, or the love interest of the protagonist. Some films, such as the Alien series, broke this stereot ype, casting strong, female actresses in leading roles.While some aspired to be follow the film stars of the time, another major media influence was in music. Madonna was one such icon, who broke allpreviously set boundaries regarding what was allowed in the media. With her agitative outfits, controversial lyrics and strong attitude, she became a figure in the growth of females as sex icons. She has inspired many current musicians, many of whom are still seen as mere icons. She also paved the way for an era of scantily clad glamour models, who wore very little, and promoted the idea that a woman had to be thin, with clear skin and perfect hair, in order to be attractive.Men had become more and feminine, following influences of Bon Jovi, Queen, and other homogeneous musicians. It was more common for men to have long hair, wear tight clothes and to complete more traditionally womens roles. Michael Jackson was another influence, with his high pitched voice, outlandish outfits and his behaviour on stage, he showed a generation that men were able to sing, dance and generally perform as women did. Freddie Mercury also showed this. Being openly homo inner, he often wore womens outfits, such as his trademark white jumpsuit, and danced whilst performing, making him an icon of the less masculine man in the 80s.The household hierarchy had changed again in the 80s, with more women being the breadwinner for the family. The 80s suffered from an economic recessions, so many families relied on both parents to go out and make a living. Eventually, this recession would come to pass. The financial world and the stock market were glamorized in a way they had not been since the 1920s, and figures like Donald Trump and Michael Milken were widely seen as symbols of the decade. Widespread fear of Japanese economic strength would grip the United States in the 80s.The 1980s gave a variety of role models in the media.1990sDuring the 90s, it is widely believed that women were slip in some cases back into the previous roles of the caregiver. Womens long quest for equality appeared to be coming to a halt. Bill Clinton was president of America throughout the 90s, and despite the fact that he was a infamouswomaniser, he was a preferred political leader to his wife, Hillary. Most men and even some women were self-conscious at the idea of a woman being in the White House as leader of the free world. Despite the opposition to Hillary Clinton, she remained a member of the Senate, being the first woman to do so after their husbands term in office had ended. Other women were appointed to Clintons office in positions of power. During the time he was in office, he appointed Madeleine Albright as Secretary of State, and Janet Reno as the United States Attorney General.Sheila Widnall became Secretary of the Air Force, and Ruth Bader Ginsburg joined Sandra Day OConnor as the second woman to be on the U.S. Supreme Court. Women were becoming significantly more visible in Americ an politics. The role of women in politics was changing in other countries, too. Margaret Thatcher, who had been the Prime Minister of Great Britain throughout the 1980s, resigned in late 1990, remnant an era in which young women saw her as an example of how a strong woman could successfully lead a major Western nation. Although women had make great strides in their self confidence in the 1980s, they almost seemed to be taking a step back at the beginning of the 1990s.However, this trend did not last for long. Feminism continued to grow in strength once again. When Supreme Court campaigner Clarence Thomas was nominated, several women, including Anita Hill, came forward and testified about how they had been sexually harassed by him in the past. This gave other women the bravery to speak out against the sexual harassment they had experienced in the workplace. As a result, many women realised they no longer had to suffer in silence while their male co-workers told obscene jokes or m ade suggestive remarks to them.With the 90s came even greater advances in technology, with computers and thee internet becoming more powerful, communication was made easier, and the media was able to have an even greater influence on society. Although women seemed to have made strides in Hollywood during the 1980s, they seemed to escape ground in the 1990s. In the theatres, most of the leading roles continued to be played by men in movies such as Dances with Wolves, and Braveheart. However, a few women were able to land leading roles in movies like Twister, and Pretty Woman. Although Twister portrayed a womanscientist, Pretty Woman was the classic Cinderella story in which a poor girl has her life transformed by a rich, successful man.Music was again another influence in the 90s. Mariah Carey became the biggest female music artist of the decade. Other popular female transcription artists included Spice Girls, Britney Spears, and Christina Aguilera. Some male performers were critici zed by the National Organization for Women because their music appeared to advocate violence against women. In particular, they objected to the lyrics of the song, Smack My Bitch Up, by the Prodigy. In the video, a person was depicted abusing women and picking up a prostitute. Many women were vocal in their objections to this type of music, and the negative ideas it might give young men. Eminem also became controversial with the song Kim, which described the brutal murder of his ex wife.Despite some setbacks, feminism was active and well during the 1990s. You go, girl was a popular expression during the decade. People also talked about Girl Power, and the greatness of encouraging young women to reach their potential. The 90s saw more women in colleges and universities, and more women than ever began to graduate into higher(prenominal) levels of employment. As the 20th century drew to a close, women had made great progress, but were yet to give all of their goals.The New Millennium Many would argue that with the new millennium women have been able to get their goals. In some cases, this is true, with women being able to take up higher positions in employment. There are now more women as doctors, lawyers and politicians than ever before. There are less women being subject to abuse and marital rape in western society. More crimes against women are being taken seriously by the courts. Men are now more commonly taking up the role of the housewife. In many cases, the roles of men and women in society have almost reversed. The is no denying that society has changed.But this isnt ever the case. More than ever, the media has a tight grip on people. This means that its influences on society are greater than ever.Both men and women have grown to crave the looks that the media deems acceptable. The new millennium paved the way for the metro-sexual man, a male who takes great pride in his appearance, often using hair care products, fake tan and make up. This image is sh own heavily in TV shows such as Geordie Shore and The Only bureau is Essex. These shows not only promote this infeasible idea of what is good looking, but they also promote sexual promiscuity in their teenage viewers. This has led to a large number of teenage pregnancies, which has then either led to abortive procedures or students dropping out of education, barely able to support themselves.This isnt the only way both genders are exploited in the media. Modelling has become more and more common, but for women in particular, it is seen as a necessity to have a petite frame with perfect hair and skin. But due to photo editing, women are perceived differently to in real life. This leads thousands of young girls to anorexia, bulimia, and in some extreme cases, anxiety and depression. Men are also edited in the media, but not to the scale that women are.Across the world, there are still places in eastern culture in which women have little to no rights. The Middle vitamin E in particul ar, is very strict against women. In some areas, women arent allowed to leave their homes without a male escort, and can suffer severe consequences if they do. Women in these cultures do not work, quite it is still the man that acts as the bread winner for the family. Recently, the president of Turkey attempted to ban women from laughing in public. Several years ago, it was illegal for women to vote in the Middle East. Both cases were met with huge resistance. Women defied the law and were finally allowed to vote. Women in Turkey openly laughed in public as a form on protest. Now, in the Middle East, women are finally beginning their struggle for independence.Islamic clerics continue to enjoy a tremendous amount of power, and often exercise great influence in the field of education. The Middle East (including Israel) is unduly hostage to clerics, who do not allow the codification of civil personal status laws. For example, only Cyprus, of all the Middle Eastern countries, recogniz es interfaith marriages. Furthermore,Islam has sanctioned and perpetuated many sexist charges and views, including polygamy, the stigmatization of menstruation, the requirement of uxorial obedience to the husband, and the inequality of inheritance and court appearances. All of these practices have at one point or another been part of Christian and Jewish practices or cultures.Although religion bears major responsibility for the inferior status of women, it cannot be solely blamed for the gender problem in the Middle East. In reality, the role of culture has been even more prominent in perpetuating the oppression of women. Female genital mutilation, for example, is a cultural practice that has afflicted women in several cultures at different times in history. The practice, which in Islam garners dubious leave in an alleged Hadith of the Prophet, is largely unknown in most Muslim countries, though it is still practised in rural areas of both Muslim and non-Muslim parts of Africa. S imilarly, the so-called honour crimes have no basis in Islam. Furthermore, though veiling has become a symbol of Middle Eastern oppression of women, the practice actually came to Muslim cultures from Christian Byzantium.