Transportation And Communication In Pakistan Economics Essay

raptusation And Communication In Pakistan political providence EssayIn Pakistan there be 96 roads of inland freight and 92 of passenger traffic and undoubtedly the backbone of Pakistans economy.Current road network of Pakistan is ab show up 2,60,000 km which caters services to 11 billion vehicles of any type and excessively NHA roads network is around 12,000 km, which is merely 4% of the boilersuit road network but takes 80% of Pakistans commercial traffic.In Pakistan NHA has completed 12 projects of flyovers, bridges, interchanges and road up gradation during the utmost one course of instruction at a cost of Rs. 19.6 billion.At present, 46 festering projects having length of 2,985 km be ongoing at a cost Rs. 245 billion in incompatible sections/packages.All the 46 development projects include construction of roads, river Bridger, tunnels, flyovers, interchanges.In Pakistan during the current financial course of study, NHA has launched/awarded 16 unsanded development p rojects covering a length of above 500 km inclusive construction of a number of bridges, flyovers and interchanges costing Rs. 70,951 trillion.NHA is simultaneously constructing 12 Bridges across the rivers. These ar on rivers Chenab 4, on rivers Sutlej 2, on river swan 1 and 5 on river Indus.Heavy rains and submerges severely wrongfulnessd the transport and communication organisation during lead 2 years and preliminary estimates indicate that road approximately 8,385 km and 190 km railway lines were damaged including bridges and allied structures.In Pakistan Telecommunication infrastructure includes damages to cellular sites, shift centres, equipment, business office system and supporting civil works is amounting to $1.9 jillion.Ministry of Railways has in addition adopted a Track ingress Policy for private sphere participation to operate freight and passenger trains on Pakistan infrastructure and they also created a Real Estate Development and Marketing Company as subs idiary of Ministry of Railways.There are six factories including Locomotive Factory Risalpur, Carriage Factory Islamabad, and four concrete Sleeper Factories in Kohat, khanewal, sukkur, are Kotri, are existence corporatized for eventual privatization subject to approval of the establishment.Pakistan cabinet committee of restructuring has approved a restructuring framework for their Railways and also during the last financial year, 16 kms of track was rehabilitated on Pakistan Railways network besides doubling more than 15 kms of track.There are 52 new design passenger coaches were imported from China at a cost of Rs. 4.1 billion. Remaining 150 passengers coaches will be manufactured at Pakistan railways carriage manufactory Islamabad by June 30, 2013.22 passengers coaches have been rehabilitated at Pakistan Railway Carriage Factory Islamabad during last year.There is a new dry port was set up at Prem Nagar near Raiwind industrial area, Lahore through public private partnership at a cost of Rs. 494.0 million.Inter stateal Airlines Corporation of Pakistan get growthd revenue amounting to Rs. 116.02 billion in year 2011 as compared to 107 billion last year. A get agreement of 5 Boeings 777 has been signed.In Pakistan two new destinations have been introduced during the year 2011 Karachi Madina and Quetta Zahedan and also there are three new routes were introduced during the year 2011 Peshawar Kaula Lumpur, Sialkot-Riyadh and Sialkot- jammam.In Pakistan Karachi port trust handled cargo 27.8 million tonnes during the first 9 months current fiscal year.In Pakistan consolidated revenues of PNSC group during July-March 2011-12 were Rs. 6,640 million as compared to Rs. 6772 million last year and also the corporation int lasts to acquire four vessels through commercial loan/joint venture basis.In Pakistan acquisition of two vessels in process, succession two more vessels will be acquired in following(a) financial year.In Pakistan the Total cargo handled on Gawadar port up till now is 4.1 million tones while Gawadar Port get total revenue since its start of operation amounting to Rs. 53.4 million and also in the Port Qasim chest handled a cargo volume 19.7 million tones during July-March 2011-12.The volume of cargo importduring July-March 2011-12 stood at 14.7 million tones, and alsoexports handled 4.9 million tones during July-March 2011-12.Pakistan Ministry of communication theory has prepared a draft National Transport Policy which coversall modes of transport sectors i.e. (i) Roads, (ii) Railways, (iii) Ports Shipping and this policy also includes the National Transport Corridor Improvement Program(NTCIP). This designme has been launched in the country to revamp the whole transportsector including ports, roads, railway and so on and provides a frame work to developand improve the North South corridor.In Pakistan mobile penetration rosiness 64.9percent in 2011-12 against 60.4percent in 2010-11 whichshows an improvement of 4.3 percentage points in total teledensity.So due to mobile switching in pakistan, Fixed topical anesthetic Loop teledensity has been declining over the yearsand it stands now at 1.93 percent compared to 2.1 percent last year showing a decrease of 0.17%.There is the total mobile subscribers commited 118.3 million by the end of March 2012 as compared to 108.9 million last year in pakistan and subscribers of Local Loop (FLL + WLL) reached at 5.93 million, out of which 3.10 million belong to FLL and 2.83 million belong to WLLin these nation.The broadband subscribers reached 1.9 million at the end of February 2012 in pakistan because of that the revenues of the telecommunication sector during the 2011-12, standing at Rs. 363 billion compared to the last year 344.2 billion show an increase of 5.4 percent.In the last year 2011, telecom sector invested US$ 495.8 million with cellular mobile sector be the major contributor.and also telecom sector attracted over US$ 79 million Foreign aim Investment (FDI) in the country which is about 5 percent of the total FDI landed in Pakistan in 2011.In pakistan the Auction of 3G licenses is expected which will bring more FDI in the country.Telecommunication Authority and the put up Bank of Pakistan have signed a memorandum of Understanding (MoU) both the institutions have shown their interest and loading in stimulating mobile banking services in the country.In pakistan cumulative investment of approximately US $ 2.5 billion in the electronic media industry.Because of cumulative invesment new jobs to more than 200,000 people of diversified skills and qualifications have been provided. In addition, over seven million people have been accommodated through indirect employment.In pakistan with the current appendage rate of more than seven percent per annum, it is estimated that the cumulative investment in the electronicmedia industry will reach above $ 3.0 billion by the end of the current financial year.There is also a PBC orth ogonal Services, broadcast programmes for 08 hrs daily in 11 foreign languagescovering Afghanistan, Iran, China, India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka in pakistan.The total Central Production Units (CPU) attain music, drama, features, documentaries and programmes for special make. CPU has over 2 million minutes recording in itsarchives which are being digitized in the country.In these country the PBC News is putting on air 117 News bulletins daily.it includes National, Regional, External and Local News bulletins besides resume of National Assembly and Senate.These PBC news launched broadcast FATA News, special news bulletins from PBC Hyderabad onrain/ flood situation and ongoing rescue and relief activities in Urdu and Sindhi languages.These countrys Post provides services through a network of 12,035 (1,797 urban and 10,238 rural)post offices across the country.The total money orders of Benazir Income conduct Programme amounting to Rs.16,642.0 millionhave been paid within prescr ibed expiration of time.There is also 55 Small and Smart Express Centres have been set up in the urban areas.In Pakistan during the period July-March 2011-12 an amount of Rs. 160,266.9 million has been Collected through National Savings Schemes and earned commission amounting to Rs. 801.3 million During this period.EnergyIn these country of pakistan the primary energy supply during current year is 64.52 million TOE compared to 63.09 million TOE last year therefrom showing an increase of 2.3 percent. The availability of energy per capita in 2011 remained 0.372 Tone Oil Equivalent TOE compared to 0.371 Tone Oil Equivalent (TOE) in 2010 posting a confirmative growth rate of 0.16%.In Pakistan the average crude oil work during July-March 2011-12 remained 66,032 barrels per day as against 65997 barrels per day during the similar period of last year, showing an increase of 0.05%.In Pakistan the industrial sector had shown positive growth of 24.2% in the consumption of petroleum produ cts during July-March 2011-12 when compared with last year.The Transport sector in this country surprisingly showed a relative small growth of 3.5 percent in the consumption of petroleum products as consumption of petroleum product in transport sector remained 6,832.9 million tones during July-March 2011-12 compared to 6,599.1 million tones during corresponding period last year in Pakistan.The total consumption of petroleum products in the power sector was 8,139 million tons compared to 8,814 million tones last year which hampered the growth in this sector, thus posting negative growth of 5.2 percent in this sector in this country.In the fumble sector of Pakistan supply increase by 4.9 percent in July-March 2011-12 as the average production of natural gas was 4236.06 million cubic feet per day during this period while it was 4,050.83 million cubic feet per day in corresponding period last year.In Pakistan the natural gas in the form of CNG posted a positive growth 10.8% during July -March 2011-12.There is a total contribution of Hydel in electricity genesis increased to 33.6% in 2010-11 in this country.In Pakistan Water and precedent Development Authority (WAPDA) remained the main contributor to electricity generation with 48.7% coming from this source.Karachi Electricity Supply Corporation (KESC), Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), Kot Addu king Company (KAPCO) and the Hub Power Company (HUBCO) have 8.3, 3.6, 6.2 and 9.1%, individually.In Pakistan the Independent Power Producers (IPPs) have contributed almost 25%.Water and Power Development Authority is executing, on priority basis, the projects such as 969 MW-Neelum Jhelum, 1410 MW-Tarbela 4th Extension, 7100 MW-Bunji, 4320 MW-Dasu, 740-MW Munda Dam and most mentionable 4500 MW-Diamer Bhasha Dam projects, to cope with the increasing demand of power in this country.There is almost 96% work on the main dam at Mangla, spillway and allied facilities had been completed and resettlement work is in clim b on. excessively 99.7 percent work on Satpara and 72.1% on Gomal Zam dam has been completed.In this country there is one of the beneficiaries of Tetra-partner power import project under the head of Central Asia-South Asia (CASA-1000) electricity trade.In Pakistan the household sector consumed 44% of the total electricity generated followed by industrial (26%), government (12.3%), agriculture (10.4%) and commercial (6.8%) during July-March 2011-12.In Pakistan the major users of combust are the cement sector and brick kilns about 60% of total ember is consumed by cement while 39 percent is consumed by the brick kiln industry during current year as compared to 62% consumption of coal in cement industry and 37% in brick kiln industry last year.SafetyIn Pakistan health situations at household level has registered an improvement, in terms of 66% of population using flush toilets compared to 63% in 2008-09, because of that it creates a good and healthy environment.In this country Bena zir Income Support Program launched by the government with the primary objective of providing immediate relief to poor people.Benazir Income Support Program has made remarkable progress by providing much needed relief to over 4 million recipients including Internally Displaced Persons and bomb deck victims all over Pakistan.In this country Rs. 122 billion up to March, 2012 have been disbursed to its beneficiaries. Benazir Income Support Program has an tryst of Rs 50 billion for the financial year 2011-12.Benazir Income Support Program recipients are expected to be increased to 7 million once the on-going processing of data collection during the nation-wide poverty scorecard targeting survey is finished.Benazir Income Support Program has launched a number of programs of society safety including (i) Payment to Recipients, (ii) Graduation Initiatives, (iii) Waseela-e-Haq, (iv) Waseela-e-Rozgar, (v) Waseela-e-Sehat and (vi) Waseela-e-Taleem.This countrys poverty Alleviation line is d edicated for micro credit, enterprise growth, community based infrastructure and energy projects, maintenance enhancement and protection, amicable mobilization, and capacity building. The overall disbursements for core operations during the period of July- December 2012 are Rs. 8,490 million.Pakistan Bait-ul-Mal is making a consequential contribution in poverty decrease by providing support to destitute, Widows, Orphans, and other needy. Rs. 1777.50 million has been utilized up to Feb. 2012 on many schemes.Zakat funds have been utilized for assistance to the needy, indigent, poor, orphans, widows and handicapped. Up to March, 2012 Rs. 7800.27 million have been afford in bulk amongst the provinces.In this country Peoples Works program (PWP) I II are providing electricity, gas, kindle to market roads and other services to the rural poor. PWP-I II incurred expenditures of Rs. 5 billion and Rs 21.30 billion during 2010-11 respectively whereas Rs 2.20 billion expenses have been inc urred between July-December 2011-12 on Peoples Works program -I and Rs 2.90 billion expenditures on Peoples Works program -II.In Pakistan Employees Old long time Benefits Institution provided profits to the old age workers through Old Age Pension, Inaccuracy Pension, Stayers Pension and Old Age Grants and Rs. 7961.20 million has been developed during July- March 2011-12.In this country Workers Welfare investment trust utilized Rs. 2539 million during July-March 2011-12 for housing services and Marriage Grant, Death Grant and Scholarships etc. for the industrial workers.In Pakistan Government has also taken various micro-finance initiatives in collaboration with all stakeholders to create employment occasions and to eliminate poverty.EnvironmentIn Pakistan a number of projects have been funded by the government to deal with emergence environmental degradation and also there are number of projects funded by the donors in which the government is a partner. All these projects are bein g currently implemented to develop overall atmosphere in the country.In Pakistan humor change is a zone that has become progressively important in recent years. In this regard, the National Climate Change Policy 2011 provides a outline for addressing the issues that Pakistan faces or will face in future due to the changing climate.The goal of the National Climate Change Policy is to ensure that climate change is mainstreamed in the economically and socially helpless sectors of the economy and to steer Pakistan towards climate brisk development.In Pakistan Urban air pollution remains one of the most important environmental problems, approach the cities.In Pakistan extensive body of research exhibits that high attentions of suspended particulate matter adversely fall upon human health prolong a wide range of respiratory infections and increased the probability of vegetable marrow diseases.In this country the higher attention of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the air is a m ajor issue.In Pakistan the main sources of suspended particulate matter are vehicular emission, industrial emissions, eager of Solid waste, pollens and natural dust. Motorcycles and rickshaws, due to their two stroke (2-strokes) engines, are the most ineffective in impatient fuel and contribute most to productions.In this country the situation of retrieve to insobriety water is instead extraordinary.In this country according to Pakistan Bureau of Statistics report (PBS) Pakistan mixer and Living Standards Measurement (PSLM) Survey 2010-11, access to drinking water to urban and rural population of Pakistan is 94 and 84%, with an average of 87 % in 2011.In Pakistan hygiene facilities are improving. However, much improvement is needed for rural areas hygiene facilities.According to Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey 2007-08,the garbage collection facilities to the population is only 14% done through municipalities, 7% through confidentially managed and remain ing 79% have no system.In Pakistan according to a report released by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) 2012, 92% people had enlarged access to drinking water by 2010 while this ratio was 85% and 89% in 1990 and 2000 respectively.In Pakistan the MDG aim is to come across the ratio of 93% by 2015. Moreover, 48% people have been using better sanitation by 2010 while this ratio was 27% and 37% in 1990 and 2000 respectively and also the MDG target for access to sanitation is 90% by 2015.In Pakistan damage and need assessment report jointly prepared by the Asiatic Development Bank and the World Bank regarding overflows 2011, it has been pointed out that in addition to beginning outrage of life, movement of millions, and huge losses to the economy, the floods in 2011 have also resulted in environmental harms, heightened environmental health risks and affected forests, swamps and other natural systems.In this country the Environmental damage caused by floods has been estimat ed at Rs. 2763 million (US $ 31.8 million) and Green reconstruction needs has been estimated at Rs. 2874 million (US $ 33.02 million).Flood Impact AssessmentIn this nation Simple monsoon rains triggered floods in Southern Pakistan at an extraordinary scale, both in terms of size and strength, swamping all 23 districts of Sindh Province and connecting areas of northern Baluchistan Province.In Pakistan Approximately, 9.6 million people were affected in Sindh and Baluchistan as a result of the floods 520 people died and more than 1180 people were injured and also according to World Bank and Asian Development Bank report, 27,000 sq. km. area damaged in Sindh province out of the total 27,370 sq. km.There is also the flood caused total or partial damages to an estimated 998,376 housing units in Sindh and Baluchistan so that it causes the overall economy of the country.In Pakistan the highest cause occurred in the agriculture, livestock and fisheries sector, has been estimated at Rs.160 bi llion because of the flood and also the total damage caused by 2011 floods has been expected amounting to Rs.324.50 billion.In Pakistan the total cost of recovery and re-establishment needs has been estimated at Rs.239 billion.